Target Information

Target General Information

Target ID

T80975 (Former ID: TTDS00008)

Target Name

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR)

Synonyms

VEGFR2; VEGFR-2; VEGF-2 receptor; Protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1; Kinase insert domain receptor; Fetal liver kinase 1; FLK1; FLK-1; CD309

Gene Name

KDR

Target Type

Successful target

[1]

Disease

[+] 9 Target-related Diseases

Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60-2C6Y]

Colorectal cancer [ICD-11: 2B91]

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [ICD-11: 2B5B]

Malignant digestive organ neoplasm [ICD-11: 2C11]

Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]

Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z]

Stomach cancer [ICD-11: 2B72]

Thrombocytopenia [ICD-11: 3B64]

Thyroid cancer [ICD-11: 2D10]

Function

Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2 and isoform 3, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as negative regulator of VEGFA- and VEGFC-mediated lymphangiogenesis by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and/or VEGFC and preventing their binding to FLT4. Modulates FLT1 and FLT4 signaling by forming heterodimers. Binding of vascular growth factors to isoform 1 leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and activation of PTK2/FAK1. Required for VEGFA-mediated induction of NOS2 and NOS3, leading to the production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells. Phosphorylates PLCG1. Promotes phosphorylation of FYN, NCK1, NOS3, PIK3R1, PTK2/FAK1 and SRC. Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD.

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BioChemical Class

Kinase

UniProt ID

VGFR2_HUMAN

EC Number

EC 2.7.10.1

Sequence

MQSKVLLAVALWLCVETRAASVGLPSVSLDLPRLSIQKDILTIKANTTLQITCRGQRDLD
WLWPNNQSGSEQRVEVTECSDGLFCKTLTIPKVIGNDTGAYKCFYRETDLASVIYVYVQD
YRSPFIASVSDQHGVVYITENKNKTVVIPCLGSISNLNVSLCARYPEKRFVPDGNRISWD
SKKGFTIPSYMISYAGMVFCEAKINDESYQSIMYIVVVVGYRIYDVVLSPSHGIELSVGE
KLVLNCTARTELNVGIDFNWEYPSSKHQHKKLVNRDLKTQSGSEMKKFLSTLTIDGVTRS
DQGLYTCAASSGLMTKKNSTFVRVHEKPFVAFGSGMESLVEATVGERVRIPAKYLGYPPP
EIKWYKNGIPLESNHTIKAGHVLTIMEVSERDTGNYTVILTNPISKEKQSHVVSLVVYVP
PQIGEKSLISPVDSYQYGTTQTLTCTVYAIPPPHHIHWYWQLEEECANEPSQAVSVTNPY
PCEEWRSVEDFQGGNKIEVNKNQFALIEGKNKTVSTLVIQAANVSALYKCEAVNKVGRGE
RVISFHVTRGPEITLQPDMQPTEQESVSLWCTADRSTFENLTWYKLGPQPLPIHVGELPT
PVCKNLDTLWKLNATMFSNSTNDILIMELKNASLQDQGDYVCLAQDRKTKKRHCVVRQLT
VLERVAPTITGNLENQTTSIGESIEVSCTASGNPPPQIMWFKDNETLVEDSGIVLKDGNR
NLTIRRVRKEDEGLYTCQACSVLGCAKVEAFFIIEGAQEKTNLEIIILVGTAVIAMFFWL
LLVIILRTVKRANGGELKTGYLSIVMDPDELPLDEHCERLPYDASKWEFPRDRLKLGKPL
GRGAFGQVIEADAFGIDKTATCRTVAVKMLKEGATHSEHRALMSELKILIHIGHHLNVVN
LLGACTKPGGPLMVIVEFCKFGNLSTYLRSKRNEFVPYKTKGARFRQGKDYVGAIPVDLK
RRLDSITSSQSSASSGFVEEKSLSDVEEEEAPEDLYKDFLTLEHLICYSFQVAKGMEFLA
SRKCIHRDLAARNILLSEKNVVKICDFGLARDIYKDPDYVRKGDARLPLKWMAPETIFDR
VYTIQSDVWSFGVLLWEIFSLGASPYPGVKIDEEFCRRLKEGTRMRAPDYTTPEMYQTML
DCWHGEPSQRPTFSELVEHLGNLLQANAQQDGKDYIVLPISETLSMEEDSGLSLPTSPVS
CMEEEEVCDPKFHYDNTAGISQYLQNSKRKSRPVSVKTFEDIPLEEPEVKVIPDDNQTDS
GMVLASEELKTLEDRTKLSPSFGGMVPSKSRESVASEGSNQTSGYQSGYHSDDTDTTVYS
SEEAELLKLIEIGVQTGSTAQILQPDSGTTLSSPPV

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3D Structure

Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target

AlphaFold

Drugs and Modes of Action

Top

Approved Drug(s)

[+] 12 Approved Drugs

Axitinib

Drug Info

Approved

Renal cell carcinoma

[2], [3], [4]

Cabozantinib

Drug Info

Approved

Thyroid cancer

[5], [6]

Lenvatinib

Drug Info

Approved

Thyroid cancer

[7]

Pazopanib HCl

Drug Info

Approved

Renal cell carcinoma

[8]

Ramucirumab

Drug Info

Approved

Gastric adenocarcinoma

[9], [10]

Regorafenib

Drug Info

Approved

Metastatic colorectal cancer

[11], [3]

Romiplostim

Drug Info

Approved

Thrombocytopenia

[12], [13]

Sorafenib

Drug Info

Approved

Renal cell carcinoma

[14], [15]

Sunitinib

Drug Info

Approved

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour

[16]

Tivozanib

Drug Info

Approved

Renal cell carcinoma

[17]

Vandetanib

Drug Info

Approved

Solid tumour/cancer

[18], [19]

YN-968D1

Drug Info

Approved

Breast cancer

[20], [21], [22]

Clinical Trial Drug(s)

[+] 35 Clinical Trial Drugs

Brivanib

Drug Info

Phase 3

Liver cancer

[23], [24]

Cediranib

Drug Info

Phase 3

Peritoneal cavity cancer

[25], [26]

E-3810

Drug Info

Phase 3

Solid tumour/cancer

[27], [28]

Fruquintinib

Drug Info

Phase 3

Solid tumour/cancer

[29]

HKI-272

Drug Info

Phase 3

Breast cancer

[30], [31]

Rivoceranib

Drug Info

Phase 3

Gastric adenocarcinoma

[31]

Rosiglitazone + metformin

Drug Info

Phase 3

Diabetic complication

[32]

Sulfatinib

Drug Info

Phase 3

Neuroendocrine cancer

[33]

MGCD516

Drug Info

Phase 2/3

Solid tumour/cancer

[34]

Alacizumab pegol

Drug Info

Phase 2

Non-small-cell lung cancer

[35]

BAY-57-9352

Drug Info

Phase 2

Solid tumour/cancer

[36]

BMS-690514

Drug Info

Phase 2

Chronic pain

[37]

CP-547632

Drug Info

Phase 2

Solid tumour/cancer

[38], [39]

Delphinidin

Drug Info

Phase 2

Cardiovascular disease

[40]

Famitinib

Drug Info

Phase 2

Solid tumour/cancer

[41], [42]

L-DOS47

Drug Info

Phase 2

Non-small-cell lung cancer

[31], [43]

RAF265

Drug Info

Phase 2

Melanoma

[44], [45]

TTAC-0001

Drug Info

Phase 2

Recurrent glioblastoma

[46]

VATALANIB

Drug Info

Phase 2

Solid tumour/cancer

[47], [48]

XL880

Drug Info

Phase 2

Squamous head and neck cell carcinom

[49], [50]

Anti-VEGFR2 CD8 cell therapy

Drug Info

Phase 1/2

Solid tumour/cancer

[51]

Elpamotide

Drug Info

Phase 1/2

Biliary cancer

[52]

MK-2461

Drug Info

Phase 1/2

Alzheimer disease

[53]

OTSGC-A24

Drug Info

Phase 1/2

Colorectal cancer

[54]

Altiratinib

Drug Info

Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[55]

CEP-11981

Drug Info

Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[56], [57]

CYC116

Drug Info

Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[58]

E-7050

Drug Info

Phase 1

Head and neck cancer

[59], [60]

KRN633

Drug Info

Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[61], [62]

OSI-930

Drug Info

Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[63], [64]

Pegdinetanib

Drug Info

Phase 1

Non-small-cell lung cancer

[65]

PF-00337210

Drug Info

Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[66]

PLX-4720

Drug Info

Phase 1

Cutaneous melanoma

[67]

TAK-593

Drug Info

Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[68]

XL999

Drug Info

Phase 1

Advanced malignancy

[69]

Patented Agent(s)

[+] 1 Patented Agents

Antibodie derivative 10

Drug Info

Patented

Neoplasm

[70], [71]

Discontinued Drug(s)

[+] 4 Discontinued Drugs

Motesanib

Drug Info

Discontinued in Phase 3

Non-small-cell lung cancer

[72], [73]

SU-14813

Drug Info

Discontinued in Phase 2

Breast cancer

[74], [75]

IMC-1C11

Drug Info

Discontinued in Phase 1

Solid tumour/cancer

[76]

CEP-5214

Drug Info

Terminated

Solid tumour/cancer

[77]

Mode of Action

[+] 4 Modes of Action

Modulator

[+] 17 Modulator drugs

Axitinib

Drug Info

[3], [4]

Ramucirumab

Drug Info

[10]

Regorafenib

Drug Info

[79]

Sorafenib

Drug Info

[15], [81]

Sunitinib

Drug Info

[82], [83]

Tivozanib

Drug Info

[17]

Brivanib

Drug Info

[87]

Delphinidin

Drug Info

[40]

RAF265

Drug Info

[98]

XL880

Drug Info

[87]

Anti-VEGFR2 CD8 cell therapy

Drug Info

[51], [99]

E-7050

Drug Info

[104]

OSI-930

Drug Info

[63], [64]

Pegdinetanib

Drug Info

[93]

PF-00337210

Drug Info

[105]

TAK-593

Drug Info

[68], [106]

EPI-0030

Drug Info

[93]

Inhibitor

[+] 104 Inhibitor drugs

Cabozantinib

Drug Info

[6], [78]

Lenvatinib

Drug Info

[1]

Pazopanib HCl

Drug Info

[8]

Romiplostim

Drug Info

[80]

Vandetanib

Drug Info

[84], [85]

YN-968D1

Drug Info

[86]

Cediranib

Drug Info

[84], [85]

E-3810

Drug Info

[88]

Fruquintinib

Drug Info

[89]

HKI-272

Drug Info

[90]

Rosiglitazone + metformin

Drug Info

[84], [91]

Sulfatinib

Drug Info

[92]

MGCD516

Drug Info

[93]

BAY-57-9352

Drug Info

[84]

BMS-690514

Drug Info

[95]

CP-547632

Drug Info

[84], [96]

Famitinib

Drug Info

[42]

VATALANIB

Drug Info

[90]

MK-2461

Drug Info

[53]

CEP-11981

Drug Info

[84]

CYC116

Drug Info

[103]

KRN633

Drug Info

[84]

PLX-4720

Drug Info

[83]

XL999

Drug Info

[107]

Pyridine derivative 18

Drug Info

[108]

Pyrimidine derivative 12

Drug Info

[70]

Pyrimidine derivative 13

Drug Info

[70]

Pyrimidine derivative 14

Drug Info

[70]

Pyrimidine derivative 4

Drug Info

[70]

Quinazoline derivative 15

Drug Info

[108]

Quinazoline derivative 16

Drug Info

[108]

Quinoline and quinazoline derivative 1

Drug Info

[70]

Motesanib

Drug Info

[109], [110], [111]

SU-14813

Drug Info

[84], [112], [113]

AG1295

Drug Info

[115]

(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-(5-phenyl-oxazol-2-yl)-amine

Drug Info

[117]

(3-Phenoxy-phenyl)-(5-phenyl-oxazol-2-yl)-amine

Drug Info

[117]

(4-Phenoxy-phenyl)-quinazolin-4-yl-amine

Drug Info

[118]

(5-Phenyl-oxazol-2-yl)-m-tolyl-amine

Drug Info

[117]

2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Drug Info

[119]

2-(5-Phenyl-oxazol-2-ylamino)-benzonitrile

Drug Info

[117]

2-(p-toluidino)-4-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Drug Info

[120]

2-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carbonitrile

Drug Info

[121]

3,4-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione

Drug Info

[122]

3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione

Drug Info

[122]

3,6-Di-pyridin-4-yl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

Drug Info

[123]

3-((3-bromothiophen-2-yl)methylene)indolin-2-one

Drug Info

[124]

3-(1H-Indol-2-yl)-1H-quinolin-2-one

Drug Info

[125]

3-(4-aminophenyl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine

Drug Info

[126]

3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione

Drug Info

[122]

3-(5-Phenyl-oxazol-2-ylamino)-benzonitrile

Drug Info

[117]

3-(5-Thiophen-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indole

Drug Info

[127]

3-Benzimidazol-2-ylhydroquinolin-2-one

Drug Info

[128]

3-methyl-1H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide

Drug Info

[129]

3-phenyl-1,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazole

Drug Info

[130]

4-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-indazol-3yl-amine

Drug Info

[131]

4-(4-m-Tolylamino-phthalazin-1-yl)-benzamide

Drug Info

[132]

4-(4-p-Tolylamino-phthalazin-1-yl)-benzamide

Drug Info

[132]

4-(5-Phenyl-oxazol-2-ylamino)-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[117]

4-(isoquinolin-5-yl)-N-m-tolylphthalazin-1-amine

Drug Info

[133]

4-(isoquinolin-5-yl)-N-o-tolylphthalazin-1-amine

Drug Info

[133]

4-Chloro-N-(2-chloro-benzoyl)-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[134]

4-Chloro-N-(2-methyl-benzoyl)-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[134]

4-Chloro-N-(3-chloro-benzoyl)-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[134]

4-Chloro-N-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[134]

4-Chloro-N-(4-nitro-benzoyl)-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[134]

4-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Drug Info

[120]

4-[3-Hydroxyanilino]-6,7-Dimethoxyquinazoline

Drug Info

[124]

5-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazole

Drug Info

[135]

6-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-benzocyclohepten-7-one

Drug Info

[125]

6-o-tolylquinazolin-2-amine

Drug Info

[136]

8-methyl-4H,7H-indolo[6,5,4-cd]indol-5-one

Drug Info

[124]

AAL-993

Drug Info

[80]

AG-E-85378

Drug Info

[137]

AMG-429

Drug Info

[93]

AST-487

Drug Info

[138]

BIBF-1202

Drug Info

[139]

BMS-536924

Drug Info

[140]

BMS-645737

Drug Info

[141]

BX-795

Drug Info

[142]

BX-912

Drug Info

[142]

CB-676475

Drug Info

[143]

CEP-5104

Drug Info

[144]

IM-023911

Drug Info

[132]

IM-094261

Drug Info

[132]

IM-094882

Drug Info

[133]

Indolin-2-one deriv. 4b

Drug Info

[145]

Isoindolinone Urea derivative

Drug Info

[146]

JNJ-38158471

Drug Info

[93]

K-252a analogue

Drug Info

[147]

Ki-20227

Drug Info

[148]

L000021649

Drug Info

[123]

N-(2,4-Dichloro-benzoyl)-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[134]

N-(3-Bromo-benzoyl)-4-chloro-benzenesulfonamide

Drug Info

[134]

Phenyl-(5-phenyl-oxazol-2-yl)-amine

Drug Info

[117]

PMID22765894C8h

Drug Info

[149]

PMID23639540C13a

Drug Info

[150]

PP121

Drug Info

[151]

Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 3G

Drug Info

[123]

100

Ro-4396686

Drug Info

[152]

101

SU-11652

Drug Info

[153]

102

TG-100435

Drug Info

[154]

103

VEGF receptor 2 kinase inhibitor I

Drug Info

[155]

104

[3-(5-Phenyl-oxazol-2-ylamino)-phenyl]-methanol

Drug Info

[117]

Antagonist

[+] 3 Antagonist drugs

Rivoceranib

Drug Info

[31]

Altiratinib

Drug Info

[102]

CEP-5214

Drug Info

[116]

Binder

[+] 1 Binder drugs

Antibodie derivative 6

Drug Info

[70]

Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target

Top

Drug Property Profile of Target

Top

(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering

(2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering

(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering

(4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering

(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering

(6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering

"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five

Co-Targets

Top

Co-Targets

Co-Targets Info

Target Poor or Non Binders

Top

Target Poor or Non Binders

Target Poor or Non Binders Info

Target Regulators

Top

Target-regulating microRNAs

Target-regulating microRNAs Info

Target-interacting Proteins

Target-interacting Proteins Info

Target Profiles in Patients

Top

Target Expression
Profile (TEP)

Target Expression Profile Info

Target Affiliated Biological Pathways

Top

KEGG Pathway

[+] 8 KEGG Pathways

Ras signaling pathway

Rap1 signaling pathway

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

Endocytosis

PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

VEGF signaling pathway

Focal adhesion

Proteoglycans in cancer

NetPath Pathway

[+] 1 NetPath Pathways

IL2 Signaling Pathway

Panther Pathway

[+] 2 Panther Pathways

Angiogenesis

VEGF signaling pathway

PID Pathway

[+] 9 PID Pathways

HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network

Beta3 integrin cell surface interactions

Signaling events mediated by TCPTP

SHP2 signaling

S1P1 pathway

VEGF and VEGFR signaling network

Integrins in angiogenesis

Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2

Notch-mediated HES/HEY network

Reactome

[+] 6 Reactome Pathways

Neurophilin interactions with VEGF and VEGFR

VEGF binds to VEGFR leading to receptor dimerization

Integrin cell surface interactions

EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse

VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway

VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation

WikiPathways

[+] 5 WikiPathways

Focal Adhesion

Nifedipine Activity

Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation

Signaling by VEGF

Angiogenesis

Target-Related Models and Studies

Top

Target Validation

Target Validation Info

Target QSAR Model

References

Top

REF 1

Emerging drugs for ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Sep;13(3):523-36.

REF 2

URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5659).

REF 3

Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.

REF 4

Axitinib: VEGF inhibition in advanced thyroid cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Jul;15(8):e310.

REF 5

REF 6

Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Exelixis (2011).

REF 7

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2018. Application Number: (ANDA) 208627.

REF 8

Hughes B: 2009 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Feb;9(2):89-92.

REF 9

REF 10

2014 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Feb;14(2):77-81.

REF 11

REF 12

REF 13

2008 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Feb;8(2):93-6.

REF 14

REF 15

Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar), a dual-action inhibitor that targets RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in tumor cells and tyrosine kinases VEGFR/PDGFR in tumor vasculature. Methods Enzymol. 2006;407:597-612.

REF 16

The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.

REF 17

Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health Human Services

REF 18

REF 19

2011 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012 Feb 1;11(2):91-4.

REF 20

REF 21

Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of LSK BioPharma.

REF 22

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02426034) Study of Apatinib Tablets in the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 23

REF 24

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01108705) Comparison of Brivanib and Best Supportive Care (BSC) With Placebo and BSC for Treatment of Liver Cancer in Asian Patients Who Have Failed Sorafenib Treatment. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 25

REF 26

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02446600) Olaparib or Cediranib Maleate and Olaparib Compared With Standard Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 27

REF 28

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02135107) A Double-blind Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety of E3810 10mg Once and Twice Daily in Maintenance Therapy for PPI Resistant Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 29

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02314819) A Phase III Trial Evaluating Fruquintinib Efficacy and Safety in 3+ Line Colorectal Cancer Patients RESCO). U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 30

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800021154)

REF 31

Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)

REF 32

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00499707) Efficacy and Safety Study of Rosiglitazone/Metformin Therapy vs Rosiglitazone and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 33

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02589821) Phase III Study of Surufatinib in Treating Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 34

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04887870) Study of Sitravatinib With or Without Other Anticancer Therapies Receiving Clinical Benefit From Parent Study. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 35

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00152477) A Study of Paclitaxel/Carboplatin With or Without CDP791 in Patients With Lung Cancer. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 36

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800021605)

REF 37

A novel epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells resistant to erlotinib. Cancer Res. 2007 Jul 1;67(13):6253-62.

REF 38

REF 39

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00096239) CP-547,632 in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Persistent Ovarian Cancer, Primary Peritoneal Cancer, or Fallopian Tube Cancer. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 40

Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 phosphorylation. Carcinogenesis. 2006 May;27(5):989-96.

REF 41

REF 42

Metabolism and bioactivation of famitinib, a novel inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase, in cancer patients. Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Apr;168(7):1687-706.

REF 43

Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)

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