Target General Infomation
Target ID
T70977
Former ID
TTDC00162
Target Name
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
Gene Name
GSK3B
Synonyms
GSK-3 beta; GSK3B
Target Type
Clinical Trial
Disease Alzheimer disease [ICD9: 331; ICD10: G30]
Acute myeloid leukemia; Acute promyelocytic leukemia [ICD9: 205.0, 208.9; ICD10: C91-C95, C92.0, C92.4]
Cancer [ICD9: 140-229; ICD10: C00-C96]
Diabetes [ICD9: 253.5, 588.1; ICD10: E23.2, N25.1]
Osteosarcoma [ICD9: 170; ICD10: C40-C41]
Parkinson's disease [ICD9: 332; ICD10: G20]
Function
Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase. In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes. Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA. Phosphorylates NFATC1/NFATC on conserved serine residues promoting NFATC1/NFATC nuclear export, shutting off NFATC1/NFATC gene regulation, and thereby opposing the action of calcineurin. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU on 'Thr-548', decreasing significantly MAPT/TAU ability to bind and stabilizemicrotubules. MAPT/TAU is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. Phosphorylates MACF1, inhibiting its binding to microtubules which is critical for its role in bulge stem cell migration and skin wound repair. Probably regulates NF-kappa-B (NFKB1) at the transcriptional level and is required for the NF-kappa-B-mediated anti-apoptotic response to TNF-alpha (TNF/TNFA). Negatively regulates replication in pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in apoptosis, loss of beta-cells and diabetes. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Phosphorylates MUC1 in breast cancer cells, decreasing the interaction of MUC1 with CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Phosphorylates MARK2, leading to inhibit its activity. Phosphorylates SIK1 at 'Thr-182', leading to sustain its activity. Phosphorylates ZC3HAV1 which enhances its antiviral activity. Phosphorylates SNAI1, leading to its BTRC-triggered ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates SFPQ at 'Thr-687' upon T-cell activation. Phosphorylates NR1D1 st 'Ser-55' and 'Ser-59' and stabilizes it by protecting it from proteasomal degradation. Regulates the circadian clock via phosphorylation of the major clock components including ARNTL/BMAL1, CLOCK and PER2. Phosphorylates CLOCK AT 'Ser-427' and targets it for proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates ARNTL/BMAL1 at 'Ser-17' and 'Ser-21' and primes it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates OGT at 'Ser-3' or 'Ser-4' which positively regulates its activity.
BioChemical Class
Kinase
Target Validation
T70977
UniProt ID
EC Number
EC 2.7.11.1
Sequence
MSGRPRTTSFAESCKPVQQPSAFGSMKVSRDKDGSKVTTVVATPGQGPDRPQEVSYTDTK
VIGNGSFGVVYQAKLCDSGELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSG
EKKDEVYLNLVLDYVPETVYRVARHYSRAKQTLPVIYVKLYMYQLFRSLAYIHSFGICHR
DIKPQNLLLDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSYICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDV
WSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHP
WTKVFRPRTPPEAIALCSRLLEYTPTARLTPLEACAHSFFDELRDPNVKLPNGRDTPALF
NFTTQELSSNPPLATILIPPHARIQAAASTPTNATAASDANTGDRGQTNNAASASASNST
Drugs and Mode of Action
Drug(s) CI-1040 Drug Info Phase 2 Discovery agent [521505], [541019]
LY2090314 Drug Info Phase 2 Acute myeloid leukemia; Acute promyelocytic leukemia [523195], [542874]
tideglusib Drug Info Phase 2 Osteosarcoma [531710]
Neu-120 Drug Info Phase 1/2 Parkinson's disease [522217]
AZD-1080 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 1 Alzheimer disease [542763], [548027]
RO-320432 Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [541291], [545975]
SAN-61 Drug Info Terminated Alzheimer disease [548877]
Inhibitor (2'Z,3'E)-7-Azaindirubin-3'-oxime Drug Info [530564]
(E)-N-(6-(prop-1-enyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
12,13-DEHYDRO-8-O-ACETYLMANZAMINE A Drug Info [528991]
12,13-DEHYDROMANZAMINE A Drug Info [528991]
3-(6-(phenylamino)-9H-purin-8-yl)benzonitrile Drug Info [530921]
3-phenyl-4-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione Drug Info [529153]
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole Drug Info [527308]
4-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine Drug Info [529753]
4-[(3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]phenol Drug Info [528490]
6-deoxymanzamine X Drug Info [528991]
6-hydroxymanzamine A Drug Info [528991]
8-O-(4-bromobenzenesulfonyl)manzamine F Drug Info [528991]
8-O-(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)manzamine F Drug Info [528991]
8-O-(4-toluenesulfonyl)manzamine A Drug Info [528991]
8-OH-MANZAMINE A Drug Info [528342]
9-N-ETHYL-8-ETHOXY-MANZAMINE A Drug Info [528991]
9-N-METHYL-8-METHOXY-MANZAMINE A Drug Info [528991]
Adenosine-5'-Diphosphate Drug Info [551391]
alsterpaullone 2-cyanoethyl Drug Info [529213]
AR-A014418 Drug Info [529753]
AS-601245 Drug Info [529039]
AZAKENPAULLONE Drug Info [526916]
BISINDOLYLMALEIMIDE IX Drug Info [525872]
BX-795 Drug Info [527484]
BX-912 Drug Info [527484]
CHIR-98014 Drug Info [526553]
CHIR-98023 Drug Info [529753]
CHIR-99021 Drug Info [526553]
CI-1040 Drug Info [525872]
compound 2 Drug Info [531356]
compound 52 Drug Info [529213]
compound 5b Drug Info [532816]
compound 89S Drug Info [529892]
CP-70949 Drug Info [543539]
CT-98024 Drug Info [530695]
ELLAGIC ACID Drug Info [528129]
GF-109203 Drug Info [525872]
GSK-3beta inhibitor II Drug Info [526343]
GSK-3beta inhibitor XI Drug Info [527088]
I-5 Drug Info [551393]
IM-12 Drug Info [531101]
indirubin deriv. 8a Drug Info [526957]
K00244 Drug Info [530144]
KENPAULLONE Drug Info [526916]
L-779450 Drug Info [527836]
LEUCETTAMINE B Drug Info [530492]
MANZAMINE A Drug Info [529574]
Manzamine E Drug Info [528342]
Manzamine Y Drug Info [528342]
N,8-diphenyl-9H-purin-6-amine Drug Info [530921]
N-(6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(furan-3-yl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530757]
N-(6-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-bromo-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-chloro-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-chloro-5-p-tolyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-chloro-5-phenyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530757]
N-(6-phenethyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530735]
N-(6-phenyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)butyramide Drug Info [530757]
N-(8-(3-cyanophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)pentanamide Drug Info [530921]
Neo-kauluamine Drug Info [528342]
NU-6102 Drug Info [527906]
PAULLONE Drug Info [530695]
PF-228 Drug Info [528764]
Phosphoaminophosphonic Acid-Adenylate Ester Drug Info [551374]
PYRAZOLOPYRIDAZINE 1 Drug Info [527192]
PYRAZOLOPYRIDAZINE 2 Drug Info [527192]
Quinoxaline1 Drug Info [529213]
RGB-286147 Drug Info [529213]
RO-320432 Drug Info [530695]
SAN-61 Drug Info [548878]
SB-415286 Drug Info [529753]
STAUROSPORINONE Drug Info [525872]
TDZD-8 Drug Info [532096]
Thieno analogue of kenpaullone Drug Info [526916]
tideglusib Drug Info [531710]
TWS-119 Drug Info [527964]
Modulator AZD-1080 Drug Info
LY2090314 Drug Info [533221]
Neu-120 Drug Info
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM)
TEP EXP Info
Pathways
KEGG Pathway ErbB signaling pathway
Chemokine signaling pathway
Cell cycle
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Wnt signaling pathway
Hedgehog signaling pathway
Axon guidance
Hippo signaling pathway
Focal adhesion
Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells
T cell receptor signaling pathway
B cell receptor signaling pathway
Neurotrophin signaling pathway
Dopaminergic synapse
Insulin signaling pathway
Melanogenesis
Prolactin signaling pathway
Thyroid hormone signaling pathway
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Alzheimer&#039
s disease
Hepatitis C
Measles
Influenza A
HTLV-I infection
Epstein-Barr virus infection
Pathways in cancer
Colorectal cancer
Endometrial cancer
Prostate cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
PANTHER Pathway Alzheimer disease-presenilin pathway
Angiogenesis
Cadherin signaling pathway
Hedgehog signaling pathway
Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gi alpha and Gs alpha mediated pathway
Insulin/IGF pathway-protein kinase B signaling cascade
Interleukin signaling pathway
PDGF signaling pathway
PI3 kinase pathway
Wnt signaling pathway
Ras Pathway
CCKR signaling map ST
Pathway Interaction Database LPA receptor mediated events
Degradation of beta catenin
Reelin signaling pathway
Presenilin action in Notch and Wnt signaling
Integrin-linked kinase signaling
CDC42 signaling events
LKB1 signaling events
Canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
C-MYC pathway
Regulation of Androgen receptor activity
BMP receptor signaling
Hedgehog signaling events mediated by Gli proteins
Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit)
Validated transcriptional targets of deltaNp63 isoforms
Aurora A signaling
Insulin-mediated glucose transport
Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt
p53 pathway
Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma
Reactome Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex
AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosol
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response
CRMPs in Sema3A signaling
Disassembly of the destruction complex and recruitment of AXIN to the membrane
S33 mutants of beta-catenin aren&#039
t phosphorylated
S37 mutants of beta-catenin aren&#039
S45 mutants of beta-catenin aren&#039
T41 mutants of beta-catenin aren&#039
Degradation of GLI2 by the proteasome
Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer
WikiPathways DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent)
Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer
Notch Signaling Pathway
Glycogen Metabolism
Insulin Signaling
Wnt Signaling Pathway
Wnt Signaling Pathway and Pluripotency
IL-6 signaling pathway
Wnt Signaling Pathway Netpath
Copper homeostasis
Focal Adhesion
Induction (Part 1 of 3)
Cardiac Hypertrophic Response
Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex
T-Cell Receptor and Co-stimulatory Signaling
Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation
BDNF signaling pathway
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
IL17 signaling pathway
Neural Crest Differentiation
Alzheimers Disease
IL-7 Signaling Pathway
Regulation of Microtubule Cytoskeleton
TWEAK Signaling Pathway
Leptin signaling pathway
Semaphorin interactions
Cell Cycle
MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Androgen receptor signaling pathway
IL-5 Signaling Pathway
References
Ref 521505ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00033384) CI-1040 in Treating Patients With Advanced Breast, Colon, Pancreatic, or Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 522217ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00607451) Safety, Tolerability, PK and PD Study of Neu-120 in the Treatment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 523195ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01214603) A Study in Participants With Acute Leukemia. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 531710Evidence for irreversible inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta by tideglusib. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 6;287(2):893-904.
Ref 541019(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5676).
Ref 541291(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6034).
Ref 542763(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7819).
Ref 542874(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7958).
Ref 545975Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800005586)
Ref 548027Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800021264)
Ref 548877Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800029796)
Ref 525872Biochem J. 2000 Oct 1;351(Pt 1):95-105.Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors.
Ref 526343Scaffold hopping and optimization towards libraries of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2002 Jun 3;12(11):1525-8.
Ref 526553Selective glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors potentiate insulin activation of glucose transport and utilization in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes. 2003 Mar;52(3):588-95.
Ref 526916Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Jan 19;14(2):413-6.1-Azakenpaullone is a selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta.
Ref 526957Structural basis for the synthesis of indirubins as potent and selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 and cyclin-dependent kinases. J Med Chem. 2004 Feb 12;47(4):935-46.
Ref 527088Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 7-azaindolyl-heteroaryl-maleimides as potent and selective glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004 Jun 15;12(12):3167-85.
Ref 527192J Med Chem. 2004 Sep 9;47(19):4716-30.N-Phenyl-4-pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-amines as potent and selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 with good cellular efficacy.
Ref 527308J Med Chem. 2004 Dec 2;47(25):6239-47.Optimization of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole.
Ref 527484Novel small molecule inhibitors of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 20;280(20):19867-74. Epub 2005 Mar 16.
Ref 527836Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Jan 15;16(2):378-81. Epub 2005 Nov 2.The identification of potent and selective imidazole-based inhibitors of B-Raf kinase.
Ref 527906Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Mar 1;16(5):1353-7. Epub 2005 Dec 1.Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as novel CDK2 inhibitors: protein structure-guided design and SAR.
Ref 527964Nat Chem Biol. 2005 Jul;1(2):74-84.Diversity-oriented synthesis: exploring the intersections between chemistry and biology.
Ref 528129J Med Chem. 2006 Apr 20;49(8):2363-6.Identification of ellagic acid as potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2: a successful example of a virtual screening application.
Ref 528342J Nat Prod. 2006 Jul;69(7):1034-40.Manzamine B and E and ircinal A related alkaloids from an Indonesian Acanthostrongylophora sponge and their activity against infectious, tropical parasitic, and Alzheimer's diseases.
Ref 528490J Med Chem. 2006 Nov 2;49(22):6500-9.4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazole CDK inhibitors: SAR study, crystal structure in complex with CDK2, selectivity, and cellular effects.
Ref 528764J Biol Chem. 2007 May 18;282(20):14845-52. Epub 2007 Mar 28.Cellular characterization of a novel focal adhesion kinase inhibitor.
Ref 528991J Nat Prod. 2007 Sep;70(9):1397-405. Epub 2007 Aug 21.Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitory activity and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the manzamine alkaloids. Potential for Alzheimer's disease.
Ref 529039Biochem J. 2007 Dec 15;408(3):297-315.The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: a further update.
Ref 529153Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Jan 15;16(2):636-43. Epub 2007 Oct 22.Novel GSK-3beta inhibitors from sequential virtual screening.
Ref 529213Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 18;104(51):20523-8. Epub 2007 Dec 11.A systematic interaction map of validated kinase inhibitors with Ser/Thr kinases.
Ref 529574Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Jul 15;16(14):6702-6. Epub 2008 Jun 5.2-N-Methyl modifications and SAR studies of manzamine A.
Ref 529753Eur J Med Chem. 2009 Jun;44(6):2361-71. Epub 2008 Sep 16.Fragment and knowledge-based design of selective GSK-3beta inhibitors using virtual screening models.
Ref 529892First Cdc7 kinase inhibitors: pyrrolopyridinones as potent and orally active antitumor agents. 2. Lead discovery. J Med Chem. 2009 Jan 22;52(2):293-307.
Ref 530144The discovery of the potent aurora inhibitor MK-0457 (VX-680). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jul 1;19(13):3586-92.
Ref 530492Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Feb;45(2):805-10. Epub 2009 Oct 12.Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of new derivatives of the marine alkaloid leucettamine B as kinase inhibitors.
Ref 530564J Nat Prod. 2009 Dec;72(12):2199-202.Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 7-azaindirubin-3'-oxime, a 7-aza isostere of the natural indirubin pharmacophore.
Ref 530695Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Mar 1;20(5):1693-6. Epub 2010 Jan 25.Discovery of potent and bioavailable GSK-3beta inhibitors.
Ref 530735Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Mar 15;20(6):1985-9. Epub 2010 Jan 25.Rational design of potent GSK3beta inhibitors with selectivity for Cdk1 and Cdk2.
Ref 530757Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Apr 1;20(7):2344-9. Epub 2010 Feb 2.Design of potent and selective GSK3beta inhibitors with acceptable safety profile and pharmacokinetics.
Ref 530921Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Aug;45(8):3389-93. Epub 2010 Apr 28.Novel 8-arylated purines as inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase.
Ref 531101Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Sep 15;18(18):6785-95. Epub 2010 Jul 25.Novel indolylmaleimide acts as GSK-3beta inhibitor in human neural progenitor cells.
Ref 5313566-amino-4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridones: novel glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Mar 1;21(5):1429-33.
Ref 531710Evidence for irreversible inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta by tideglusib. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 6;287(2):893-904.
Ref 532096Identification of novel scaffold of benzothiazepinones as non-ATP competitive glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitors through virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Dec 1;22(23):7232-6.
Ref 532816Potent and Selective Inhibitors of CK2 Kinase Identified through Structure-Guided Hybridization. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012 Jan 24;3(4):278-83.
Ref 533221Activating the Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway for the Treatment of Melanoma--Application of LY2090314, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 27;10(4):e0125028.
Ref 543539(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 2030).
Ref 548878Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800029796)
Ref 551374The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42.
Ref 551391DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan;39(Database issue):D1035-4. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 January
Ref 551393How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.

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