Drug Information
| Drug General Information | Top | |||
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| Drug ID |
D0T5BC
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| Former ID |
DIB007000
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| Drug Name |
Lactulose
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| Synonyms |
Cephulac;Cholac;Heptalac;Enulose;Enulose
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| Drug Type |
Small molecular drug
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| Indication | Constipation [ICD-11: DD91.1; ICD-10: K59.0; ICD-9: 564] | Approved | [1] | |
| Structure |
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Download2D MOL |
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| Formula |
C12H22O11
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| Canonical SMILES |
C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C2O)(CO)O)CO)O)O)O)O
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| InChI |
1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12-/m1/s1
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| InChIKey |
JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N
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| CAS Number |
CAS 4618-18-2
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| PubChem Compound ID | ||||
| ChEBI ID |
CHEBI:6359
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| ADReCS Drug ID | BADD_D01240 | |||
| Interaction between the Drug and Microbe | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Metabolism of Drug Affected by Studied Microbe(s) | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Reaction | Hydrolysis | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | Lactic acid; acetic acid | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized to Lactic acid and acetic acid by Bacteroides through hydrolysis, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bifidobacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bifidobacterium
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[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Resulting Metabolite | Lactic acid; acetic acid | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized to Lactic acid and acetic acid by Bifidobacterium, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Cronobacter sakazakii
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized by Cronobacter sakazakii, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Reaction | Hydrolysis | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | Lactic acid; acetic acid | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized to Lactic acid and acetic acid by Escherichia coli through hydrolysis, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Klebsiella pneumoniae
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized by Klebsiella pneumoniae, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Resulting Metabolite | Lactic acid; acetic acid | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Decrease activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized to Lactic acid and acetic acid by Clostridium, which results in the decrease of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Lactobacillales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Enterococcus
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized by Enterococcus, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Enterococcus casseliflavus
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized by Enterococcus casseliflavus, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Enterococcus faecalis
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized by Enterococcus faecalis, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Lactobacillus
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Reaction | Hydrolysis | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | Lactic acid; acetic acid | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Lactulose can be metabolized to Lactic acid and acetic acid by Lactobacillus through hydrolysis, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Abundace of Studied Microbe(s) Regulated by Drug | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides was decreased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Prevotellaceae
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Prevotellaceae was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bifidobacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bifidobacteriaceae
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Campylobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Helicobacter
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Helicobacter was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Desulfovibrionales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Desulfovibrionaceae
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae was decreased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Lactobacillales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Lactobacillaceae
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lactobacillaceae was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Verrucomicrobiales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Akkermansia
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Akkermansia was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Gut microbiota | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Actinobacteria
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Actinobacteria was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Firmicutes
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Firmicutes was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Verrucomicrobia
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6J mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Verrucomicrobia was increased by Lactulose (p < 0.05). | |||
| References | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||
| REF 2 | The gastrointestinal microbiota as a site for the biotransformation of drugs. Int J Pharm. 2008 Nov 3;363(1-2):1-25. | |||
| REF 3 | Omics Approaches To Probe Microbiota and Drug Metabolism Interactions. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 Dec 19;29(12):1987-1997. | |||
| REF 4 | Pharmacomicrobiomics: The Holy Grail to Variability in Drug Response?. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Aug;106(2):317-328. | |||
| REF 5 | Gut microbiota modulates drug pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Rev. 2018 Aug;50(3):357-368. | |||
| REF 6 | Effect of lactulose intervention on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid composition of C57BL/6J mice. Microbiologyopen. 2018 Dec;7(6):e00612. | |||
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