Drug Information
| Drug General Information | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug ID |
D0T5WK
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| Former ID |
DAP000691
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| Drug Name |
Nitrazepam
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| Synonyms |
Alodorm; Apodorm; Benzalin; Calsamin; Calsmin; Cerson; Dormalon; Dumolid; Eatan; Epibenzalin; Epinelbon; Eunoctin; Eunoktin; Gerson; Hipnax; Hipsal; Ibrovek; Imadorm; Imeson; Imesont; Ipersed; Magadon; Megadon; Mitidin; Mogadan; Mogadon; Mogadone; Nelbon; Nelmat; Neozepam; Neuchlonic; Nitrados; Nitravet; Nitrazadon; Nitrazep; Nitrazepamum; Nitrempax; Nitrenpax; Nitrodiazepam; Noctesed; Novanox; Pacisyn; Paxisyn; Pelson; Persopit; Radedorm; Relact; Remnos; Serenade; Somitran; Somnased; Somnibel; Somnite; Sonebon; Sonnolin; Surem; Trazenin; Unisomnia; Aliud Brand of Nitrazepam; Allphar Brand of Nitrazepam; Alphapharma Brand of Nitrazepam; Alpharma Brand of Nitrazepam; Alter Brand of Nitrazepam; CSP Brand of Nitrazepam; DDSA Brand of Nitrazepam; Dermatech Brand of Nitrazepam; Desitin Brand of Nitrazepam; Dormicum Brand of Nitrazepam; Eatan N; ICN Brand of Nitrazepam; Neuraxpharm Brand of Nitrazepam; Nitrazepam AL; Norgine Brand of Nitrazepam; Pfleger Brand of Nitrazepam; Protea Brand of Nitrazepam; Rhoxalpharma Brand of Nitrazepam; Sandoz nitrazepam; Scheurich Brand of Nitrazepam; Sonebon Tofraniln A; Taurus Brandof Nitrazepam; United Drug Brand of Nitrazepam; Wernigerode Brand of Nitrazepam; LA 1; S 2000; Alodorm (TN); Apo-nitrazepam tablets BP; Apodorm (TN); Arem (TN); Benzalin (TN); Cavodan (TN); Ct-Arzneimittel Brand of Nitrazepam; Dima (TN); Dormalon (TN); Dormicum (anticonvulsant); Dormigen (TN); Dormin-5; Dormo-Puren; Dumolid (TN); Eatan N (TN); Eunoctin (TN); Hypnotex (TN); ISOPROPYLACETATE/NITRAZEPAM; Imeson (TN); Insoma (TN); Insomin (TN); Ipersed (TN); LA 1 (VAN); Mitidin (TN); Mogadan (TN); Mogadon (TN); N-Desmethylnimetazepam; Nitavan (TN); Nitepam (TN); Nitrados (TN); Nitrapan (TN); Nitravet (TN); Nitrazadon (TN); Nitrazep (TN); Nitrazepam (TN); Nitrazepam Capsules BP 1993 (TN); Nitrazepam Oral Suspension BP 1993 (TN); Nitrazepam Tablets BP 1993 (TN); Nitrazepam-10; Nitrazepam-5; Nitrazepam-neuraxpharm; Nitrazepamum [INN-Latin]; Nitrazepan (TN); Nitrazepol (TN); Nitredon (TN); Nitrosun (TN); Novanox (TN); Numbon (TN); Onirema (TN); Ormodon (TN); Pacisyn (TN); Paxadorm (TN); Pelson (TN); Pelsonfilina (TN); Protraz (TN); Radedorm (TN); Remnos (TN); Rhoxal-nitrazepam; Ro 4-5360; Ro 5-3059; Ro 53-60; Serenade (TN); Somnibel N (TN); Somnipar (TN); Somnite (TN); Sonebon (TN); Sonotrat (TN); Surem (TN); Tri (TN); Unisomnia (TN); Dormo-Puren (TN); Nitrazepam (JP15/USAN/INN); Nitrazepam [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; 1,3-Dihydro-7-nitro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one; 2,3-Dihydro-7-nitro-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-on; 7-Nitro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one; 7-Nitro-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one; 7-Nitro-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one; 7-nitro-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Click to Show/Hide
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| Drug Type |
Small molecular drug
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| Indication | Epilepsy [ICD-11: 8A60-8A68] | Approved | [1], [2] | |
| Insomnia [ICD-11: 7A00-7A0Z] | Approved | [1], [2] | ||
| Therapeutic Class |
Antianxiety Agents
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| Structure |
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Download2D MOL |
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| Formula |
C15H11N3O3
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| Canonical SMILES |
C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3
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| InChI |
1S/C15H11N3O3/c19-14-9-16-15(10-4-2-1-3-5-10)12-8-11(18(20)21)6-7-13(12)17-14/h1-8H,9H2,(H,17,19)
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| InChIKey |
KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| CAS Number |
CAS 146-22-5
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| PubChem Compound ID | ||||
| PubChem Substance ID |
9690, 107320, 597368, 5055565, 5073767, 5081626, 6057695, 7847597, 7849647, 7980131, 8152775, 10508332, 11210457, 12326898, 14824476, 24897666, 29215277, 29223600, 46386691, 46505806, 47515481, 48211546, 48334666, 48416331, 49884256, 50086824, 50841107, 56313772, 57322305, 81093238, 85174552, 87467573, 87687912, 88194890, 92214795, 92308349, 92720560, 92729730, 103174569, 103931581, 104306604, 106801912, 115998634, 117378604, 124658968, 124813337, 125341242, 126619885, 126654716, 126667398
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| ChEBI ID |
CHEBI:7581
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| ADReCS Drug ID | BADD_D01573 | |||
| SuperDrug ATC ID |
N05CD02
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| SuperDrug CAS ID |
cas=000146225
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| Interaction between the Drug and Microbe | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Metabolism of Drug Affected by Studied Microbe(s) | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides
Show/Hide Hierarchy
|
[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Microbial Enzyme | Nitroreductase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Nitroreduction | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Decrease activity; Induce teratogenicity | |||
| Description | Nitrazepam can be metabolized by the nitroreductase of Bacteroides through nitroreduction, which results in the decrease of drug's activity and the induction of the drug's teratogenicity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium
Show/Hide Hierarchy
|
[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Microbial Enzyme | Nitroreductase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Nitroreduction | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Decrease activity; Induce teratogenicity | |||
| Description | Nitrazepam can be metabolized by the nitroreductase of Clostridium through nitroreduction, which results in the decrease of drug's activity and the induction of the drug's teratogenicity. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium leptum
Show/Hide Hierarchy
|
[4], [5], [6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Microbial Enzyme | Nitroreductase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Nitroreduction | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | 7-aminonitrazepam | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase teratogenicity; Decrease activity | |||
| Description | Nitrazepam can be metabolized to 7-amino-nitrazepam by the nitroreductase of Clostridium leptum through nitroreduction, which results in the increase of drug's teratogenicity and the decrease of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Gut microbiota | ||||
| Studied Microbe: Gut microbiota unspecific | [7], [8], [9] | |||
| Microbial Enzyme | Nitroreductase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Nitroreduction | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | 7-aminonitrazepam | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Induce teratogenicity and carcinogenicity; Decrease activity | |||
| Description | Nitrazepam can be metabolized to 7-aminonitrazepam by the nitroreductase of gut microbiota through nitroreduction, which results in the induction of the drug's teratogenicity and carcinogenicity and the decrease of the drug's activity. | |||
| Target and Pathway | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target(s) | GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1) | Target Info | Antagonist | [10] |
| KEGG Pathway | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||
| Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling | ||||
| GABAergic synapse | ||||
| Morphine addiction | ||||
| Nicotine addiction | ||||
| Reactome | Ligand-gated ion channel transport | |||
| GABA A receptor activation | ||||
| WikiPathways | SIDS Susceptibility Pathways | |||
| Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell | ||||
| Iron uptake and transport | ||||
| References | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | Drug information of Nitrazepam, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||
| REF 2 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||
| REF 3 | Involvement of the intestinal microflora in nitrazepam-induced teratogenicity in rats and its relationship to nitroreduction. Teratology. 1991 Aug;44(2):209-14. | |||
| REF 4 | Pharmacomicrobiomics: The Holy Grail to Variability in Drug Response?. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Aug;106(2):317-328. | |||
| REF 5 | Potential Implications of Gut Microbiota in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability. Pharmacotherapy. 2020 Jul;40(7):704-712. | |||
| REF 6 | Human gut microbiota plays a role in the metabolism of drugs. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2016 Sep;160(3):317-26. | |||
| REF 7 | Gut Microbiome and Response to Cardiovascular Drugs. Circ Genom Precis Med. 2019 Sep;12(9):421-429. | |||
| REF 8 | Effects of Gut Microbiota on Drug Metabolism and Guidance for Rational Drug Use Under Hypoxic Conditions at High Altitudes. Curr Drug Metab. 2019;20(2):155-165. | |||
| REF 9 | Gut Microbiota-Mediated Drug-Antibiotic Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Oct;43(10):1581-9. | |||
| REF 10 | DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. | |||
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