Target Information

Target General Information

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Target ID

T92834 (Former ID: TTDI02393)

Target Name

Amphiregulin (AREG)

Synonyms

SDGF; Colorectum cellderived growth factor; Colorectum cell-derived growth factor; CRDGF; AREGB; AR

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Gene Name

AREG

Target Type

Literature-reported target

[1]

Function

Autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for a broad range of target cells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts. Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR.

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UniProt ID

AREG_HUMAN

Sequence

MRAPLLPPAPVVLSLLILGSGHYAAGLDLNDTYSGKREPFSGDHSADGFEVTSRSEMSSG
SEISPVSEMPSSSEPSSGADYDYSEEYDNEPQIPGYIVDDSVRVEQVVKPPQNKTESENT
SDKPKRKKKGGKNGKNRRNRKKKNPCNAEFQNFCIHGECKYIEHLEAVTCKCQQEYFGER
CGEKSMKTHSMIDSSLSKIALAAIAAFMSAVILTAVAVITVQLRRQYVRKYEGEAEERKK
LRQENGNVHAIA

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3D Structure

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AlphaFold

Cell-based Target Expression Variations

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Cell-based Target Expression Variations

Cell-based Target Expression Variations Info

Different Human System Profiles of Target	Top
Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target. A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020). Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function. Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006). Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database. The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017). Human Similarity Proteins Human Pathway Affiliation Biological Network Descriptors

Different Human System Profiles of Target

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Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.

A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).

Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.

Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).

Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.

The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).

Human Similarity Proteins

Human Pathway Affiliation

Biological Network Descriptors

Protein Name	Pfam ID	Percentage of Identity (%)	E value
Amphiregulin (AREG)		100.000 (252/252)	0.00E+00
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF)	PF00008	31.429 (33/105)	4.47E-11
Tomoregulin-1 (TMEFF1)	PF07648	26.596 (25/94)	4.47E-07
Pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform (NRG2)	PF07679 ; PF02158	26.667 (28/105)	5.45E-06
Epiregulin (EREG)		23.881 (16/67)	8.67E-06
Tomoregulin-2 (TMEFF2)	PF07648	20.408 (30/147)	2.22E-05
Epigen (EPGN)		23.894 (27/113)	1.54E-04
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA)		25.287 (22/87)	6.68E-04
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)	PF00008 ; PF07645 ; PF14670 ; PF00058 More >>	33.962 (18/53)	6.78E-04
Probetacellulin (BTC)		22.667 (17/75)	2.00E-03
Click to Show/Hide the Information of Human Similarity Proteins

KEGG Pathway	Pathway ID	Affiliated Target
MAPK signaling pathway	hsa04010	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy
ErbB signaling pathway	hsa04012	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway	hsa04151	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy
Hippo signaling pathway	hsa04390	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy

Degree	6	Degree centrality	6.45E-04	Betweenness centrality	0.00E+00
Closeness centrality	2.26E-01	Radiality	1.40E+01	Clustering coefficient	1.00E+00
Neighborhood connectivity	7.17E+01	Topological coefficient	3.02E-01	Eccentricity	12
Download	Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target