Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T24983
(Former ID: TTDC00291)
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Target Name |
Dopamine D4 receptor (D4R)
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Synonyms |
DRD4; D(2C)D(4) dopamine receptor dopamine receptor
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Gene Name |
DRD4
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Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 2 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Allergic/hypersensitivity disorder [ICD-11: 4A80-4A8Z] | |||||
2 | Schizophrenia [ICD-11: 6A20] | |||||
Function |
Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells.
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BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MGNRSTADADGLLAGRGPAAGASAGASAGLAGQGAAALVGGVLLIGAVLAGNSLVCVSVA
TERALQTPTNSFIVSLAAADLLLALLVLPLFVYSEVQGGAWLLSPRLCDALMAMDVMLCT ASIFNLCAISVDRFVAVAVPLRYNRQGGSRRQLLLIGATWLLSAAVAAPVLCGLNDVRGR DPAVCRLEDRDYVVYSSVCSFFLPCPLMLLLYWATFRGLQRWEVARRAKLHGRAPRRPSG PGPPSPTPPAPRLPQDPCGPDCAPPAPGLPRGPCGPDCAPAAPSLPQDPCGPDCAPPAPG LPPDPCGSNCAPPDAVRAAALPPQTPPQTRRRRRAKITGRERKAMRVLPVVVGAFLLCWT PFFVVHITQALCPACSVPPRLVSAVTWLGYVNSALNPVIYTVFNAEFRNVFRKALRACC Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold | ||||
ADReCS ID | BADD_A04234 | |||||
HIT2.0 ID | T49IR9 |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Approved Drug(s) | [+] 2 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Clozapine | Drug Info | Approved | Schizophrenia | [2], [3] | |
2 | Phenyltoloxamine | Drug Info | Approved | Allergy | [4] | |
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 4 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | CM-2395 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Schizophrenia | [5] | |
2 | L-745,870 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Psychotic disorder | [6] | |
3 | RP5063 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Schizophrenia | [7] | |
4 | NGD 94-1 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Schizophrenia | [3], [8] | |
Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 7 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | ABT-724 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Erectile dysfunction | [9] | |
2 | Lu-35138 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Psychotic disorder | [10] | |
3 | NGD-94-4 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Schizophrenia | [11] | |
4 | Belaperidone | Drug Info | Terminated | Schizophrenia | [3] | |
5 | BIMG80 | Drug Info | Terminated | Psychotic disorder | [12] | |
6 | Sonepiprazole | Drug Info | Terminated | Schizophrenia | [3], [13] | |
7 | YM-43611 | Drug Info | Terminated | Psychotic disorder | [14] | |
Preclinical Drug(s) | [+] 3 Preclinical Drugs | + | ||||
1 | PD-165167 | Drug Info | Preclinical | Schizophrenia | [3] | |
2 | SPI-376 | Drug Info | Preclinical | Schizophrenia | [3] | |
3 | U-99363E | Drug Info | Preclinical | Schizophrenia | [3] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 6 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Modulator | [+] 6 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | Clozapine | Drug Info | [15] | |||
2 | NGD-94-4 | Drug Info | [23] | |||
3 | BIMG80 | Drug Info | [25] | |||
4 | YM-43611 | Drug Info | [26] | |||
5 | E-1455 | Drug Info | [38] | |||
6 | TKP-1002 | Drug Info | [38] | |||
Inhibitor | [+] 44 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | Phenyltoloxamine | Drug Info | [1] | |||
2 | A-80426 | Drug Info | [24] | |||
3 | (+/-)-nantenine | Drug Info | [27] | |||
4 | (4-Ethynyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-dipropyl-amine | Drug Info | [28] | |||
5 | (4-Phenylethynyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-dipropyl-amine | Drug Info | [28] | |||
6 | 1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl)-4-phenylpiperazine | Drug Info | [29] | |||
7 | 1-Benzyl-4-(2-ethynyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-piperidine | Drug Info | [30] | |||
8 | 1-Benzyl-4-(2-iodo-pyrrol-1-yl)-piperidine | Drug Info | [30] | |||
9 | 1-Benzyl-4-(2-oxazol-5-yl-pyrrol-1-yl)-piperidine | Drug Info | [30] | |||
10 | 1-Benzyl-4-(3-oxazol-5-yl-pyrrol-1-yl)-piperidine | Drug Info | [30] | |||
11 | 1-Benzyl-4-pyrrol-1-yl-piperidine | Drug Info | [30] | |||
12 | 1-Dibenzo[b,f]oxepin-10-yl-4-methyl-piperazine | Drug Info | [31] | |||
13 | 1-[2-(2-Benzyl-phenoxy)-ethyl]-piperidine | Drug Info | [1] | |||
14 | 1-[2-(2-Benzyl-phenoxy)-ethyl]-pyrrolidine | Drug Info | [1] | |||
15 | 1-[3-(2-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propyl]-pyrrolidine | Drug Info | [1] | |||
16 | 3-(2-Benzylamino-ethoxy)-phenol | Drug Info | [32] | |||
17 | 3-(4-Methyl-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indole | Drug Info | [33] | |||
18 | 3-(4-Phenyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indole | Drug Info | [33] | |||
19 | 3-(4-Phenyl-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indole | Drug Info | [33] | |||
20 | 4-(2-Benzylamino-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one | Drug Info | [32] | |||
21 | 4-(4-Benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzoimidazole | Drug Info | [34] | |||
22 | 4-(4-Benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1H-indole | Drug Info | [34] | |||
23 | 4-(4-Benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)-5-chloro-1H-indole | Drug Info | [34] | |||
24 | 4-(4-Benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)-7-bromo-1H-indole | Drug Info | [34] | |||
25 | 4-[2-(2-Benzyl-phenoxy)-ethyl]-morpholine | Drug Info | [1] | |||
26 | A-425444 | Drug Info | [35] | |||
27 | ABT-670 | Drug Info | [35] | |||
28 | Benzyl-[2-(1H-indazol-4-yloxy)-ethyl]-amine | Drug Info | [32] | |||
29 | Benzyl-[2-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-ethyl]-amine | Drug Info | [32] | |||
30 | FLUMEZAPINE | Drug Info | [39] | |||
31 | FLUTROLINE | Drug Info | [40] | |||
32 | ISOCLOZAPINE | Drug Info | [31] | |||
33 | ISOLOXAPINE | Drug Info | [41] | |||
34 | JL-18 | Drug Info | [42] | |||
35 | L-741626 | Drug Info | [43] | |||
36 | L-741742 | Drug Info | [44] | |||
37 | N-(4-Dipropylaminobutyl)-4-biphenylcarboxamide | Drug Info | [47] | |||
38 | N-(4-Propylaminobutyl)-4-biphenylcarboxamide | Drug Info | [47] | |||
39 | PG-01037 | Drug Info | [49] | |||
40 | QUINPIROLE | Drug Info | [51] | |||
41 | SB-271046 | Drug Info | [52] | |||
42 | STEPHOLIDINE | Drug Info | [53] | |||
43 | UH-232 | Drug Info | [55] | |||
44 | [2-(1H-Benzoimidazol-4-yloxy)-ethyl]-benzyl-amine | Drug Info | [32] | |||
Agonist | [+] 6 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | CM-2395 | Drug Info | [16] | |||
2 | ABT-724 | Drug Info | [21] | |||
3 | A412997 | Drug Info | [36] | |||
4 | CP-226269 | Drug Info | [37] | |||
5 | FAUC213 | Drug Info | [37] | |||
6 | PF-592379 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
Antagonist | [+] 17 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | L-745,870 | Drug Info | [17], [18] | |||
2 | NGD 94-1 | Drug Info | [3], [20] | |||
3 | Lu-35138 | Drug Info | [22] | |||
4 | PD-165167 | Drug Info | [3] | |||
5 | Belaperidone | Drug Info | [3] | |||
6 | A-381393 | Drug Info | [17], [18] | |||
7 | FAUC 113 | Drug Info | [18] | |||
8 | L-750,667 | Drug Info | [45] | |||
9 | ML398 | Drug Info | [46] | |||
10 | nafadotride | Drug Info | [45] | |||
11 | piribedil | Drug Info | [50] | |||
12 | RBI257 | Drug Info | [37] | |||
13 | Ro 10-4548 | Drug Info | [37] | |||
14 | U101958 | Drug Info | [54] | |||
15 | [125I]L750667 | Drug Info | [56] | |||
16 | [3H]N-methylspiperone | Drug Info | [45] | |||
17 | [3H]spiperone | Drug Info | [57], [58] | |||
Partial agonist | [+] 1 Partial agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | RP5063 | Drug Info | [19] | |||
Binder | [+] 3 Binder drugs | + | ||||
1 | SPI-376 | Drug Info | [3] | |||
2 | U-99363E | Drug Info | [3] | |||
3 | Sonepiprazole | Drug Info | [3] |
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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Co-Targets |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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Target Expression Profile (TEP) |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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KEGG Pathway | [+] 2 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
2 | Dopaminergic synapse | |||||
Panther Pathway | [+] 4 Panther Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gi alpha and Gs alpha mediated pathway | |||||
2 | Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gq alpha and Go alpha mediated pathway | |||||
3 | Dopamine receptor mediated signaling pathway | |||||
4 | Nicotine pharmacodynamics pathway | |||||
Reactome | [+] 2 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Dopamine receptors | |||||
2 | G alpha (i) signalling events | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 8 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Hypothetical Network for Drug Addiction | |||||
2 | Monoamine GPCRs | |||||
3 | GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
4 | Genes and (Common) Pathways Underlying Drug Addiction | |||||
5 | GPCR ligand binding | |||||
6 | GPCR downstream signaling | |||||
7 | Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons | |||||
8 | GPCRs, Other |
Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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Target Validation |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Dopamine/serotonin receptor ligands. 9. Oxygen-containing midsized heterocyclic ring systems and nonrigidized analogues. A step toward dopamine D5 ... J Med Chem. 2004 Aug 12;47(17):4155-8. | |||||
REF 2 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 38). | |||||
REF 3 | The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):904-22. | |||||
REF 4 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
REF 5 | Pharmaceutical Research Companies Are Developing More Than 300 Medicines to Treat Mental Illnesses. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America report.2010. | |||||
REF 6 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3303). | |||||
REF 7 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01490086) RP5063 in Subjects With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 8 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 979). | |||||
REF 9 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800019657) | |||||
REF 10 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800014237) | |||||
REF 11 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800008657) | |||||
REF 12 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006596) | |||||
REF 13 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 980). | |||||
REF 14 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800005975) | |||||
REF 15 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. | |||||
REF 16 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800031127) | |||||
REF 17 | Dopamine D4 receptor involvement in the discriminative stimulus effects in rats of LSD, but not the phenethylamine hallucinogen DOI. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Apr;203(2):265-77. | |||||
REF 18 | Comparative molecular field analysis of dopamine D4 receptor antagonists including 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (FAUC 113), 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrrolo-[2,3-b]pyridine (L-745,870), and clozapine. J Med Chem. 2001 Apr 12;44(8):1151-7. | |||||
REF 19 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
REF 20 | II. Localization and characterization of dopamine D4 binding sites in rat and human brain by use of the novel, D4 receptor-selective ligand [3H]NGD 94-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Aug;282(2):1020-7. | |||||
REF 21 | Activation of dopamine D4 receptors by ABT-724 induces penile erection in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 April 27; 101(17): 6758-6763. | |||||
REF 22 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800014237) | |||||
REF 23 | I. NGD 94-1: identification of a novel, high-affinity antagonist at the human dopamine D4 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Aug;282(2):1011-9. | |||||
REF 24 | Discovery of a new series of centrally active tricyclic isoxazoles combining serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibition with alpha2-adrenoceptor blocking... J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):2054-71. | |||||
REF 25 | BIMG 80, a novel potential antipsychotic drug: evidence for multireceptor actions and preferential release of dopamine in prefrontal cortex. J Neurochem. 1997 Jul;69(1):182-90. | |||||
REF 26 | Effects of YM-43611, a novel dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, on immediate early gene expression in the rat forebrain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1997 Jul;17(1):27-33. | |||||
REF 27 | Synthetic studies and pharmacological evaluations on the MDMA ('Ecstasy') antagonist nantenine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Jan 15;20(2):628-31. | |||||
REF 28 | Conjugated enynes as nonaromatic catechol bioisosteres: synthesis, binding experiments, and computational studies of novel dopamine receptor agonis... J Med Chem. 2000 Feb 24;43(4):756-62. | |||||
REF 29 | Synthesis and biological investigations of dopaminergic partial agonists preferentially recognizing the D4 receptor subtype. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Jun 1;16(11):2955-9. | |||||
REF 30 | Piperidinylpyrroles: design, synthesis and binding properties of novel and selective dopamine D4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999 Nov 1;9(21):3143-6. | |||||
REF 31 | Affinity of 10-(4-methylpiperazino)dibenz[b,f]oxepins for clozapine and spiroperidol binding sites in rat brain. J Med Chem. 1982 Jul;25(7):855-8. | |||||
REF 32 | New generation dopaminergic agents. 7. Heterocyclic bioisosteres that exploit the 3-OH-phenoxyethylamine D2 template. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999 Sep 6;9(17):2593-8. | |||||
REF 33 | 3-((4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-methyl)-1H-pyrrolo-2,3-b-pyridine: an antagonist with high affinity and selectivity for the human dopamine D4... J Med Chem. 1996 May 10;39(10):1941-2. | |||||
REF 34 | New generation dopaminergic agents. 5. Heterocyclic bioisosteres that exploit the 3-OH-N1-phenylpiperazine dopaminergic template. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1998 Oct 6;8(19):2675-80. | |||||
REF 35 | Discovery of 3-methyl-N-(1-oxy-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H-[2,4'-bipyridine]-1'-ylmethyl)benzamide (ABT-670), an orally bioavailable dopamine D4 ago... J Med Chem. 2006 Dec 14;49(25):7450-65. | |||||
REF 36 | A-412997 is a selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005 Sep;82(1):140-7. | |||||
REF 37 | Certain 1,4-disubstituted aromatic piperidines and piperazines with extreme selectivity for the dopamine D4 receptor interact with a common recepto... Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;66(6):1491-9. | |||||
REF 38 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 217). | |||||
REF 39 | Effects of conformationally restricted 4-piperazinyl-10H-thienobenzodiazepine neuroleptics on central dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. J Med Chem. 1982 Oct;25(10):1133-40. | |||||
REF 40 | Neuroleptic activity in 5-aryltetrahydro-gamma-carbolines. J Med Chem. 1980 Jun;23(6):635-43. | |||||
REF 41 | Synthesis of clozapine analogues and their affinity for clozapine and spiroperidol binding sites in rat brain. J Med Chem. 1981 Sep;24(9):1021-6. | |||||
REF 42 | (S)-(-)-4-[4-[2-(isochroman-1-yl)ethyl]-piperazin-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide, a selective dopamine D4 antagonist. J Med Chem. 1996 Jun 21;39(13):2435-7. | |||||
REF 43 | Synthesis and characterization of selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. 2. Azaindole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene analogs of L-741,626. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Jul 15;18(14):5291-300. | |||||
REF 44 | 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole: a potent, selective antagonist at human cloned dopamine D4 receptors. J Med Chem. 1996 May 10;39(10):1943-5. | |||||
REF 45 | Nonconserved residues in the second transmembrane-spanning domain of the D(4) dopamine receptor are molecular determinants of D(4)-selective pharmacology. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):144-52. | |||||
REF 46 | Discovery and Characterization of ML398, a Potent and Selective Antagonist of the D4 Receptor with in Vivo Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2014 Jul 9;5(9):1060-4. | |||||
REF 47 | Novel D3 selective dopaminergics incorporating enyne units as nonaromatic catechol bioisosteres: synthesis, bioactivity, and mutagenesis studies. J Med Chem. 2008 Nov 13;51(21):6829-38. | |||||
REF 48 | Lack of abuse potential in a highly selective dopamine D3 agonist, PF-592,379, in drug self-administration and drug discrimination in rats. Behav Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;23(3):280-91. | |||||
REF 49 | Heterocyclic analogues of N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)arylcarboxamides with functionalized linking chains as novel dopamine D3... J Med Chem. 2007 Aug 23;50(17):4135-46. | |||||
REF 50 | Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):791-804. | |||||
REF 51 | Pharmacophore-guided drug discovery investigations leading to bioactive 5-aminotetrahydropyrazolopyridines. Implications for the binding mode of he... J Med Chem. 2005 Sep 8;48(18):5771-9. | |||||
REF 52 | Discovery of 3-aryl-3-methyl-1H-quinoline-2,4-diones as a new class of selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jan 15;18(2):738-43. | |||||
REF 53 | Dibenzazecine scaffold rebuilding--is the flexibility always essential for high dopamine receptor affinities Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Oct 1;17(19):6898-907. | |||||
REF 54 | Substituted 4-aminopiperidines having high in vitro affinity and selectivity for the cloned human dopamine D4 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Mar 19;322(2-3):283-6. | |||||
REF 55 | (Dipropylamino)-tetrahydronaphthofurans: centrally acting serotonin agonists and dopamine agonists-antagonists, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 7(21):2759-2764 (1997). | |||||
REF 56 | Identification and pharmacological characterization of [125I]L-750,667, a novel radioligand for the dopamine D4 receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 Dec;50(6):1658-64. | |||||
REF 57 | Differential effects of [3H]nemonapride and [3H]spiperone binding on human dopamine D4 receptors. Neurosci Lett. 1995 Feb 17;186(2-3):145-8. | |||||
REF 58 | Modeling the similarity and divergence of dopamine D2-like receptors and identification of validated ligand-receptor complexes. J Med Chem. 2005 Feb 10;48(3):694-709. |
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