Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T52522
(Former ID: TTDS00037)
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Target Name |
Adrenergic receptor beta-2 (ADRB2)
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Synonyms |
Beta-2 adrenoreceptor; Beta-2 adrenoceptor; Beta-2 adrenergic receptor; B2AR; ADRB2R
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Gene Name |
ADRB2
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Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 5 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Asthma [ICD-11: CA23] | |||||
2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22] | |||||
3 | Conduction disorder [ICD-11: BC63] | |||||
4 | Preterm labour/delivery [ICD-11: JB00] | |||||
5 | Sleep-related breathing disorder [ICD-11: 7A4Z] | |||||
Function |
The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine. Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
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BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFGNVLVITAIAK
FERLQTVTNYFITSLACADLVMGLAVVPFGAAHILMKMWTFGNFWCEFWTSIDVLCVTAS IETLCVIAVDRYFAITSPFKYQSLLTKNKARVIILMVWIVSGLTSFLPIQMHWYRATHQE AINCYANETCCDFFTNQAYAIASSIVSFYVPLVIMVFVYSRVFQEAKRQLQKIDKSEGRF HVQNLSQVEQDGRTGHGLRRSSKFCLKEHKALKTLGIIMGTFTLCWLPFFIVNIVHVIQD NLIRKEVYILLNWIGYVNSGFNPLIYCRSPDFRIAFQELLCLRRSSLKAYGNGYSSNGNT GEQSGYHVEQEKENKLLCEDLPGTEDFVGHQGTVPSDNIDSQGRNCSTNDSLL Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | PDB | ||||
ADReCS ID | BADD_A02053 ; BADD_A04210 ; BADD_A06316 | |||||
HIT2.0 ID | T92UWJ |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Approved Drug(s) | [+] 19 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Arformoterol | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [2], [3] | |
2 | Bambuterol | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [4], [5] | |
3 | Clenbuterol | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic breathing disorder | [6] | |
4 | Fenoterol | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [7], [8] | |
5 | Formoterol | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [9], [10] | |
6 | GW642444 | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [11], [12] | |
7 | Indacaterol | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [13], [14] | |
8 | Isoetharine | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [15], [16] | |
9 | Isoproterenol | Drug Info | Approved | Heart block | [17] | |
10 | Levalbuterol | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [18], [19] | |
11 | Metaproterenol Sulfate | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [18], [20], [21] | |
12 | Olodaterol | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [22], [23] | |
13 | Pirbuterol | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [24], [5] | |
14 | Procaterol | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [25], [26] | |
15 | Ritodrine | Drug Info | Approved | Premature labour | [27], [28] | |
16 | Salbutamol | Drug Info | Approved | Acute asthma | [29], [30] | |
17 | Salmeterol | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [31], [5] | |
18 | Terbutaline | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [32], [33] | |
19 | Vilanterol | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [18], [34], [35] | |
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 17 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | GSK642444 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [36] | |
2 | ICI 118,551 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Gastric adenocarcinoma | [37] | |
3 | PT005 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [38] | |
4 | QVA-149 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [39] | |
5 | BUCINDOLOL | Drug Info | Phase 2/3 | Atrial fibrillation | [40] | |
6 | APD-209 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Cachexia | [41] | |
7 | AZD-2115 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [42] | |
8 | AZD-3199 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Asthma | [43] | |
9 | Carmoterol | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [44], [36] | |
10 | GSK961081 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [45] | |
11 | LAS 100977 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [46] | |
12 | MN-221 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Exacerbation of acute asthma | [47] | |
13 | R-salbutamol sulphate | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Skin infection | [48] | |
14 | TA-2005 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [3] | |
15 | THRX-198321 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [49] | |
16 | KUL-7211 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Neurogenic bladder dysfunction | [50] | |
17 | L-796568 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Obesity | [51] | |
Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 12 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Meluadrine | Drug Info | Discontinued in Preregistration | Premature ejaculation | [52] | |
2 | Broxaterol | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Asthma | [53] | |
3 | Sibenadet | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [54] | |
4 | GSK-159797 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [3] | |
5 | GSK159802 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Asthma | [55] | |
6 | Milveterol | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Asthma | [36] | |
7 | Milveterol+Fluticasone | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [56] | |
8 | PF-610355 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [57] | |
9 | Picumeterol | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Asthma | [58] | |
10 | AR-C-89855 | Drug Info | Terminated | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [59] | |
11 | DPI-201-106 | Drug Info | Terminated | Cardiovascular disease | [60] | |
12 | RP-58802B | Drug Info | Terminated | Asthma | [61] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 4 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Agonist | [+] 31 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Arformoterol | Drug Info | [62], [63] | |||
2 | Bambuterol | Drug Info | [64] | |||
3 | Clenbuterol | Drug Info | [65], [66] | |||
4 | Fenoterol | Drug Info | [67], [68] | |||
5 | Formoterol | Drug Info | [69], [70], [71] | |||
6 | GW642444 | Drug Info | [72] | |||
7 | Indacaterol | Drug Info | [36], [3] | |||
8 | Pirbuterol | Drug Info | [77], [78] | |||
9 | Procaterol | Drug Info | [79], [80] | |||
10 | Salbutamol | Drug Info | [81] | |||
11 | Salmeterol | Drug Info | [82] | |||
12 | Terbutaline | Drug Info | [1] | |||
13 | GSK642444 | Drug Info | [11], [12], [36] | |||
14 | PT005 | Drug Info | [84] | |||
15 | QVA-149 | Drug Info | [36] | |||
16 | APD-209 | Drug Info | [88] | |||
17 | AZD-2115 | Drug Info | [89] | |||
18 | AZD-3199 | Drug Info | [90] | |||
19 | Carmoterol | Drug Info | [36] | |||
20 | LAS 100977 | Drug Info | [92] | |||
21 | MN-221 | Drug Info | [93] | |||
22 | R-salbutamol sulphate | Drug Info | [94] | |||
23 | TA-2005 | Drug Info | [3] | |||
24 | GSK-159797 | Drug Info | [3] | |||
25 | GSK159802 | Drug Info | [72] | |||
26 | Milveterol | Drug Info | [72] | |||
27 | Milveterol+Fluticasone | Drug Info | [36] | |||
28 | PF-610355 | Drug Info | [102] | |||
29 | Picumeterol | Drug Info | [103] | |||
30 | AR-C-89855 | Drug Info | [104] | |||
31 | D 2343 | Drug Info | [112] | |||
Modulator | [+] 14 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | Isoetharine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
2 | Isoproterenol | Drug Info | [74], [73] | |||
3 | Metaproterenol Sulfate | Drug Info | [76], [73] | |||
4 | Olodaterol | Drug Info | [23] | |||
5 | Ritodrine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
6 | Vilanterol | Drug Info | [34] | |||
7 | BUCINDOLOL | Drug Info | [85], [86], [87] | |||
8 | GSK961081 | Drug Info | [91] | |||
9 | THRX-198321 | Drug Info | [95] | |||
10 | KUL-7211 | Drug Info | [96], [97] | |||
11 | Meluadrine | Drug Info | [99] | |||
12 | Broxaterol | Drug Info | [100] | |||
13 | Sibenadet | Drug Info | [101] | |||
14 | RP-58802B | Drug Info | [107] | |||
Antagonist | [+] 3 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Levalbuterol | Drug Info | [75] | |||
2 | ICI 118,551 | Drug Info | [83] | |||
3 | Butoxamine | Drug Info | [111] | |||
Inhibitor | [+] 12 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | L-796568 | Drug Info | [98] | |||
2 | DPI-201-106 | Drug Info | [105] | |||
3 | L-755507 | Drug Info | [106] | |||
4 | (R,R)-(-)-fenoterol | Drug Info | [108] | |||
5 | (R,S)-(-)-fenoterol | Drug Info | [108] | |||
6 | (S,R)-(+)-fenoterol | Drug Info | [108] | |||
7 | 1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-morpholinopropan-2-ol | Drug Info | [109] | |||
8 | 1-(2-isopropylphenoxy)-3-morpholinopropan-2-ol | Drug Info | [109] | |||
9 | 2-fluoronorepinehprine | Drug Info | [110] | |||
10 | Dichloroisoproterenol | Drug Info | [113] | |||
11 | GNF-PF-1694 | Drug Info | [105] | |||
12 | [3H]CGP12177 | Drug Info | [106] |
Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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Cell-based Target Expression Variations |
Drug Binding Sites of Target | Top | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ligand Name: Salbutamol | Ligand Info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure Description | Cryo-EM structure of the partial agonist salbutamol-bound beta2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex. | PDB:7DHI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Method | Electron microscopy | Resolution | 3.26 Å | Mutation | Yes | [114] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PDB Sequence |
EVWVVGMGIV
39 MSLIVLAIVF49 GNVLVITAIA59 KFERLQTVTN69 YFITSLAVAD79 LVMGLAVVPF 89 GAAHILTKTW99 TFGNFWCEFW109 TSIDVLCVTA119 SIWTLVVIAV129 DRYFAITSPF 139 KYQSLLTKNK149 ARVIILMVWI159 VSGLTSFLPI169 QMHWYRATHQ179 EAINCYAEET 189 CCDFFTNQAY199 AIASSIVSFY209 VPLVIMVFVY219 SRVFQEAKRQ229 LQKIDKSEGR 239 FHVALKEHKA271 LKTLGIIMGT281 FTLAWLPFFI291 VNIVHVIQDN301 LIRKEVYILL 311 NWIGYVNSGF321 NPLIYSRSPD331 FRIAFQELLC341
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☰7DHI Nodes: OProtein ▢Nucleotide ◇Chemical ▢Biopolymer Lines: Interactions at 4 Å Dynamically generated for selected residues. Nodes can be dragged or clicked. Label: Selection: Name:
PDB ID: Option 1, search with your selection (all residues are selected by default) in the loaded structures: Option 2, search with PDB ID and chain name: PDB ID: Chain Name: Option 3, search with a PDB file: Foldseek web server. 1. your selection (all residues are selected by default) in the loaded structures to 2 (Optional). Once you see the structure neighbors, you can view the alignment in iCn3D by inputing a list of PDB chain IDs or AlphaFold UniProt IDs below. The PDB chain IDs are the same as the record names such as "1HHO_A". The UniProt ID is the text between "AF-" and "-F1". For example, the UniProt ID for the record name "AF-P69905-F1-model_v4" is "P69905". Chain ID List: BCIF/MMTF ID: PDB ID: Very high (pLDDT > 90) Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70) Low (70 > pLDDT > 50) Very low (pLDDT < 50) AlphaFold Uniprot ID: PAE Map: NCBI Protein Accession: PDB File: Multiple PDB Files: The custom JSON file on residue colors has the following format for proteins("ALA" and "ARG") and nucleotides("G" and "A"): {"ALA":"#C8C8C8", "ARG":"#145AFF", ..., "G":"#008000", "A":"#6080FF", ...} Residue Color File: The custom file for the structure has two columns separated by space or tab: residue number, and score in the range of 0-100. If you click "Apply Custom Color" button, the scores 0, 50 and 100 correspond to the three colors specified below. If you click "Apply Custom Tube", the selected residues will be displayed in a style similar to "B-factor Tube". Custom File: 1. Score to Color: 0: 50: 100: or 2. You can define your own reference numbers in a custom file using Excel, and then export it as a CSV file. An example file is shown below with cells separated by commas. refnum,11,12,,21,22,,10C,11C,20CThe first row defines the reference residue numbers, which could be any strings. The 1st cell could be anything. The rest cells are reference residue numbers (e.g., 11, 21, 10C, etc.) or empty cells. Each chain has a separate row. The first cell of the second row is the chain ID "1TUP_A". The rest cells are the corresponding real residue numbers for reference residue numbers in the first row. For example, the reference numbers for residues 100, 101, and 132 in the chain 1TUP_A are 11, 12, and 22, respectively. The fourth row shows another set of reference numners for the chain "1TUP_C". It could be a chain from a different structure. To select all residues corresponding to the reference numbers, you can simplay replace ":" with "%" in the Specification. For example, "%12" selects the residue 101 in 1TUP_A and the residue 111 in 1TUP_B. ".A%12" has the chain "A" filter and selects the residue 101 in 1TUP_A. Custom File: ID1: ID2: VAST+ based on VAST: VAST+ based on TM-align: All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: (Note: To align chains in custom PDB files, you could load them in "File > Open File > PDB Files (appendable)" and click "Analysis > Defined Sets". Finally select multiple chains in Defined Sets and click "File > Realign Selection".) All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: The sequence alignment (followed by structure alignment) is based on residue numbers in the First/Master chain: (Note: To align chains in custom PDB files, you could load them in "File > Open File > PDB Files (appendable)" and click "Analysis > Defined Sets". Finally select multiple chains in Defined Sets and click "File > Realign Selection".) All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: Each alignment is defined as " | "-separated residue lists in one line. "10-50" means a range of residues from 10 to 50. Option 1: Option 2: All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: Each alignment is defined as " | "-separated residue lists in one line. "10-50" means a range of residues from 10 to 50. Please specify the mutations with a comma separated mutation list. Each mutation can be specified as "[uppercase PDB ID or AlphaFold UniProt ID]_[Chain Name]_[Residue Number]_[One Letter Mutant Residue]". E.g., the mutation of N501Y in the E chain of PDB 6M0J can be specified as "6M0J_E_501_Y". For AlphaFold structures, the "Chain ID" is "A". If you load a custom structure without PDB or UniProt ID, you can open "Seq. & Annotations" window and find the chain ID such as "stru_A". The part before the underscore is the structure ID, which can be used to specify the mutation such as "stru_A_...". Remember to choose "Show Mutation in: Current Page". Mutations: ID Type: PDB IDAlphaFold UniProt ID Show Mutation in: Current PageNew Page Mol2 File: SDF File: XYZ File: URL in the same host: Multiple mmCIF Files: mmCIF ID: Note: The "biological unit" is the biochemically active form of a biomolecule, or Note: The "biological unit" is the biochemically active form of a biomolecule, BLAST search with the protein sequence ID or FASTA sequence as input. If the protein accession is not a PDB chain, the corresponding AlphaFold UniProt structure is used. Enter a protein sequence ID (or FASTA sequence) and the aligned protein accession, which can be found using the Protein Sequence ID(NCBI protein accession of a sequence): or FASTA sequence: Aligned Protein Accession (or a chain of a PDB): ESM Metagenomic Atlas. The sequence should be less than 400 characters. For any sequence longer than 400, please see the discussion here. The sequence to structure prediction is done via FASTA sequence: Protein/Gene name: PubChem CID/Name/InchI: Chemical SMILES: Share Link URL: Collection File: Structures: 2fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ 2fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ URL in the same host: fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ URL in the same host: Custom Color: Grid Size: Salt Concentration: M Potential contour at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Note: Only the selected residues are used for DelPhi potential calculation by solving linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Grid Size: Salt Concentration: M Surface with max potential at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Surface: Opacity: Wireframe: Note: Only the selected residues are used for DelPhi potential calculation by solving linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Potential contour at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Note: Always load a PDB file before loading a PQR or DelPhi potential file. Potential contour at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Grid Size: Salt Concentration: M PQR URL in the same host: Phi URL in the same host: Cube URL in the same host: Note: Always load a PDB file before loading a PQR or DelPhi potential file. Symmetry: Distance: Contact Type:
4. Sort Interactions on: to show two lines of residue nodes to show map with atom details to show interactions with strength parameters in 0-200:
(Note: you can also adjust thresholds at #1 to add/remove interactions.) 5. and select new sets 1. Select sets below or use your current selection: 2. 1. Select sets below or use your current selection. 2. 1. Select sets below or use your current selection: 2. Overall maximum RMSD: Å 3. 1. Select sets below: 2. 1. Select sets below: 2. 1. Select sets below: 2. 1. Select sets below: 2. Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes/lines. Green: H-Bonds; Cyan: Salt Bridge/Ionic; Grey: Contacts Magenta: Halogen Bonds; Red: π-Cation; Blue: π-Stacking Scale: Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes. Scale: Note: Nodes/Residues can be dragged. Both nodes and dashed lines/interactions can be clicked to select residues. Color legend for interactions (dashed lines): Green: H-Bonds; Cyan: Salt Bridge/Ionic; Grey: Contacts Magenta: Halogen Bonds; Red: π-Cation; Blue: π-Stacking Scale: Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes. Scale: Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes. Scale:
Contour at: σ Contour at: σ Contour at: % of maximum EM values 1. Select the first set: 2. Sphere with a radius: Å 3. Select the second set to apply the sphere: 4. the sphere around the first set of atoms interacting/contacting residue pairs in a file 1. Extracellular membrane Z-axis position: Å 2. intracellular membrane Z-axis position: Å 3. the adjusted membranes 1. Z-axis position of the first X-Y plane: Å 2. Z-axis position of the second X-Y plane: Å 3. the region between the planes to Defined Sets 2. Size: 3. Color: 4. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 5. 2. Size: 3. Color: 4. 1. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 2. Line Color: 3. 1. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 2. Color: 3. 1. Select two sets
3. 1. Select two sets
2. Line style: 3. Line radius: 4. Color: 5. Opacity: 6. 1. Select a set: 2. Shape: 3. Radius: 4. Color: 5. Opacity: 6. 1. Select sets for pairwise distances
Note: Each set is represented by a vector, which is the X-axis of the principle axes. The angles between the vectors are then calculated. 1. Select sets for pairwise angles
1. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 2. Coil Radius: (for coils, default 0.3) Stick Radius: (for sticks, default 0.4) Cross-Linkage Radius: (for cross-linkages, default 0.4) Trace Radius: (for C alpha trace, O3' trace, default 0.4) Ribbon Thickness: (for helix and sheet ribbons, nucleotide ribbons, default 0.2) Protein Ribbon Width: (for helix and sheet ribbons, default 1.3) Nucleotide Ribbon Width: (for nucleotide ribbons, default 0.8) Ball Scale: (for styles 'Ball and Stick' and 'Dot', default 0.3) 1. Shininess: (for the shininess of the 3D objects, default 40) 2. Three directional lights: Key Light: (for the light strength of the key light, default 0.8) Fill Light: (for the light strength of the fill light, default 0.4) Back Light: (for the light strength of the back light, default 0.2) 3. Thickness: Line Radius: (for stabilizers, hydrogen bonds, distance lines, default 0.1) Coil Radius: (for coils, default 0.3) Stick Radius: (for sticks, default 0.4) Cross-Linkage Radius: (for cross-linkages, default 0.4) Trace Radius: (for C alpha trace, O3' trace, default 0.4) Ribbon Thickness: (for helix and sheet ribbons, nucleotide ribbons, default 0.2) Protein Ribbon Width: (for helix and sheet ribbons, default 1.3) Nucleotide Ribbon Width: (for nucleotide ribbons, default 0.8) Ball Scale: (for styles 'Ball and Stick' and 'Dot', default 0.3) 4. Show Glycan Cartoon: (0: hide, 1: show, default 0) 5. Show Membrane: (0: hide, 1: show, default 1) 6. Enlarge Command Window: (0: Regular, 1: Large, default 0) 1. URLs Used in Browsers Please copy one of the URLs below. They show the same result. (To add a title to share link, click "Windows > Your Note" and click "File > Share Link" again.) Original URL with commands: Lifelong Short URL:(To replace this URL, send a pull request to update share.html at iCn3D GitHub) Lifelong Short URL + Window Title:(To update the window title, click "Analysis > Your Note/Window Title".) 2. Commands Used in Jupyter Noteboook Please copy the following commands into a cell in Jupyter Notebook to show the same result. More details are at https://github.com/ncbi/icn3d/tree/master/jupyternotebook. Annotations:
Zoom: mouse wheel; Move: left button; Select Multiple Nodes: Ctrl Key and drag an Area Force on Nodes: Label Size: Internal Edges: Color each residue based on the percentage of solvent accessilbe surface area. The color ranges from blue, to white, to red for a percentage of 0, 35(variable), and 100, respectively. Middle Percentage(White): % Select residue based on the percentage of solvent accessilbe surface area. The values are in the range of 0-100. Min Percentage: % Max Percentage: % Select residue based on B-factor/pLDDT. The values are in the range of 0-100. Min B-factor/pLDDT: % Max B-factor/pLDDT: % X: Y: Z: Vector 2, X: Y: Z: The angle is: degree. 1: 5: 9: 13: 2: 6: 10: 14: 3: 7: 11: 15: Choose an Ig template for selected residues: Choose an Ig template to align with selected residues: |
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Ligand Name: Isoproterenol | Ligand Info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure Description | Cryo-EM structure of the full agonist isoprenaline-bound beta2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex. | PDB:7DHR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Method | Electron microscopy | Resolution | 3.80 Å | Mutation | Yes | [114] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PDB Sequence |
EVWVVGMGIV
39 MSLIVLAIVF49 GNVLVITAIA59 KFERLQTVTN69 YFITSLAVAD79 LVMGLAVVPF 89 GAAHILTKTW99 TFGNFWCEFW109 TSIDVLCVTA119 SIWTLVVIAV129 DRYFAITSPF 139 KYQSLLTKNK149 ARVIILMVWI159 VSGLTSFLPI169 QMHWYRAHQE180 AINCYAEETC 190 CDFFTNQAYA200 IASSIVSFYV210 PLVIMVFVYS220 RVFQEAKRQL230 QKIDKSEGRF 240 LKEHKALKTL275 GIIMGTFTLA285 WLPFFIVNIV295 HVIQDNLIRK305 EVYILLNWIG 315 YVNSGFNPLI325 YSRSPDFRIA335 FQEL
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☰Loading data... Dynamically generated for selected residues. Nodes can be dragged or clicked. Label: Selection: Name:
PDB ID: Option 1, search with your selection (all residues are selected by default) in the loaded structures: Option 2, search with PDB ID and chain name: PDB ID: Chain Name: Option 3, search with a PDB file: Foldseek web server. 1. your selection (all residues are selected by default) in the loaded structures to 2 (Optional). Once you see the structure neighbors, you can view the alignment in iCn3D by inputing a list of PDB chain IDs or AlphaFold UniProt IDs below. The PDB chain IDs are the same as the record names such as "1HHO_A". The UniProt ID is the text between "AF-" and "-F1". For example, the UniProt ID for the record name "AF-P69905-F1-model_v4" is "P69905". Chain ID List: BCIF/MMTF ID: PDB ID: Very high (pLDDT > 90) Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70) Low (70 > pLDDT > 50) Very low (pLDDT < 50) AlphaFold Uniprot ID: PAE Map: NCBI Protein Accession: PDB File: Multiple PDB Files: The custom JSON file on residue colors has the following format for proteins("ALA" and "ARG") and nucleotides("G" and "A"): {"ALA":"#C8C8C8", "ARG":"#145AFF", ..., "G":"#008000", "A":"#6080FF", ...} Residue Color File: The custom file for the structure has two columns separated by space or tab: residue number, and score in the range of 0-100. If you click "Apply Custom Color" button, the scores 0, 50 and 100 correspond to the three colors specified below. If you click "Apply Custom Tube", the selected residues will be displayed in a style similar to "B-factor Tube". Custom File: 1. Score to Color: 0: 50: 100: or 2. You can define your own reference numbers in a custom file using Excel, and then export it as a CSV file. An example file is shown below with cells separated by commas. refnum,11,12,,21,22,,10C,11C,20CThe first row defines the reference residue numbers, which could be any strings. The 1st cell could be anything. The rest cells are reference residue numbers (e.g., 11, 21, 10C, etc.) or empty cells. Each chain has a separate row. The first cell of the second row is the chain ID "1TUP_A". The rest cells are the corresponding real residue numbers for reference residue numbers in the first row. For example, the reference numbers for residues 100, 101, and 132 in the chain 1TUP_A are 11, 12, and 22, respectively. The fourth row shows another set of reference numners for the chain "1TUP_C". It could be a chain from a different structure. To select all residues corresponding to the reference numbers, you can simplay replace ":" with "%" in the Specification. For example, "%12" selects the residue 101 in 1TUP_A and the residue 111 in 1TUP_B. ".A%12" has the chain "A" filter and selects the residue 101 in 1TUP_A. Custom File: ID1: ID2: VAST+ based on VAST: VAST+ based on TM-align: All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: (Note: To align chains in custom PDB files, you could load them in "File > Open File > PDB Files (appendable)" and click "Analysis > Defined Sets". Finally select multiple chains in Defined Sets and click "File > Realign Selection".) All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: The sequence alignment (followed by structure alignment) is based on residue numbers in the First/Master chain: (Note: To align chains in custom PDB files, you could load them in "File > Open File > PDB Files (appendable)" and click "Analysis > Defined Sets". Finally select multiple chains in Defined Sets and click "File > Realign Selection".) All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: Each alignment is defined as " | "-separated residue lists in one line. "10-50" means a range of residues from 10 to 50. Option 1: Option 2: All chains will be aligned to the first chain in the comma-separated chain IDs. Each chain ID has the form of PDBID_chain (e.g., 1HHO_A, case sensitive) or UniprotID (e.g., P69905 for AlphaFold structures). Chain IDs: Each alignment is defined as " | "-separated residue lists in one line. "10-50" means a range of residues from 10 to 50. Please specify the mutations with a comma separated mutation list. Each mutation can be specified as "[uppercase PDB ID or AlphaFold UniProt ID]_[Chain Name]_[Residue Number]_[One Letter Mutant Residue]". E.g., the mutation of N501Y in the E chain of PDB 6M0J can be specified as "6M0J_E_501_Y". For AlphaFold structures, the "Chain ID" is "A". If you load a custom structure without PDB or UniProt ID, you can open "Seq. & Annotations" window and find the chain ID such as "stru_A". The part before the underscore is the structure ID, which can be used to specify the mutation such as "stru_A_...". Remember to choose "Show Mutation in: Current Page". Mutations: ID Type: PDB IDAlphaFold UniProt ID Show Mutation in: Current PageNew Page Mol2 File: SDF File: XYZ File: URL in the same host: Multiple mmCIF Files: mmCIF ID: Note: The "biological unit" is the biochemically active form of a biomolecule, or Note: The "biological unit" is the biochemically active form of a biomolecule, BLAST search with the protein sequence ID or FASTA sequence as input. If the protein accession is not a PDB chain, the corresponding AlphaFold UniProt structure is used. Enter a protein sequence ID (or FASTA sequence) and the aligned protein accession, which can be found using the Protein Sequence ID(NCBI protein accession of a sequence): or FASTA sequence: Aligned Protein Accession (or a chain of a PDB): ESM Metagenomic Atlas. The sequence should be less than 400 characters. For any sequence longer than 400, please see the discussion here. The sequence to structure prediction is done via FASTA sequence: Protein/Gene name: PubChem CID/Name/InchI: Chemical SMILES: Share Link URL: Collection File: Structures: 2fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ 2fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ URL in the same host: fofc contour at default threshold or at: σ URL in the same host: Custom Color: Grid Size: Salt Concentration: M Potential contour at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Note: Only the selected residues are used for DelPhi potential calculation by solving linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Grid Size: Salt Concentration: M Surface with max potential at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Surface: Opacity: Wireframe: Note: Only the selected residues are used for DelPhi potential calculation by solving linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Potential contour at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Note: Always load a PDB file before loading a PQR or DelPhi potential file. Potential contour at: kT/e(25.6mV at 298K) Grid Size: Salt Concentration: M PQR URL in the same host: Phi URL in the same host: Cube URL in the same host: Note: Always load a PDB file before loading a PQR or DelPhi potential file. Symmetry: Distance: Contact Type:
4. Sort Interactions on: to show two lines of residue nodes to show map with atom details to show interactions with strength parameters in 0-200:
(Note: you can also adjust thresholds at #1 to add/remove interactions.) 5. and select new sets 1. Select sets below or use your current selection: 2. 1. Select sets below or use your current selection. 2. 1. Select sets below or use your current selection: 2. Overall maximum RMSD: Å 3. 1. Select sets below: 2. 1. Select sets below: 2. 1. Select sets below: 2. 1. Select sets below: 2. Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes/lines. Green: H-Bonds; Cyan: Salt Bridge/Ionic; Grey: Contacts Magenta: Halogen Bonds; Red: π-Cation; Blue: π-Stacking Scale: Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes. Scale: Note: Nodes/Residues can be dragged. Both nodes and dashed lines/interactions can be clicked to select residues. Color legend for interactions (dashed lines): Green: H-Bonds; Cyan: Salt Bridge/Ionic; Grey: Contacts Magenta: Halogen Bonds; Red: π-Cation; Blue: π-Stacking Scale: Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes. Scale: Hold Ctrl key to select multiple nodes. Scale:
Contour at: σ Contour at: σ Contour at: % of maximum EM values 1. Select the first set: 2. Sphere with a radius: Å 3. Select the second set to apply the sphere: 4. the sphere around the first set of atoms interacting/contacting residue pairs in a file 1. Extracellular membrane Z-axis position: Å 2. intracellular membrane Z-axis position: Å 3. the adjusted membranes 1. Z-axis position of the first X-Y plane: Å 2. Z-axis position of the second X-Y plane: Å 3. the region between the planes to Defined Sets 2. Size: 3. Color: 4. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 5. 2. Size: 3. Color: 4. 1. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 2. Line Color: 3. 1. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 2. Color: 3. 1. Select two sets
3. 1. Select two sets
2. Line style: 3. Line radius: 4. Color: 5. Opacity: 6. 1. Select a set: 2. Shape: 3. Radius: 4. Color: 5. Opacity: 6. 1. Select sets for pairwise distances
Note: Each set is represented by a vector, which is the X-axis of the principle axes. The angles between the vectors are then calculated. 1. Select sets for pairwise angles
1. Pick TWO atoms while holding "Alt" key 2. Coil Radius: (for coils, default 0.3) Stick Radius: (for sticks, default 0.4) Cross-Linkage Radius: (for cross-linkages, default 0.4) Trace Radius: (for C alpha trace, O3' trace, default 0.4) Ribbon Thickness: (for helix and sheet ribbons, nucleotide ribbons, default 0.2) Protein Ribbon Width: (for helix and sheet ribbons, default 1.3) Nucleotide Ribbon Width: (for nucleotide ribbons, default 0.8) Ball Scale: (for styles 'Ball and Stick' and 'Dot', default 0.3) 1. Shininess: (for the shininess of the 3D objects, default 40) 2. Three directional lights: Key Light: (for the light strength of the key light, default 0.8) Fill Light: (for the light strength of the fill light, default 0.4) Back Light: (for the light strength of the back light, default 0.2) 3. Thickness: Line Radius: (for stabilizers, hydrogen bonds, distance lines, default 0.1) Coil Radius: (for coils, default 0.3) Stick Radius: (for sticks, default 0.4) Cross-Linkage Radius: (for cross-linkages, default 0.4) Trace Radius: (for C alpha trace, O3' trace, default 0.4) Ribbon Thickness: (for helix and sheet ribbons, nucleotide ribbons, default 0.2) Protein Ribbon Width: (for helix and sheet ribbons, default 1.3) Nucleotide Ribbon Width: (for nucleotide ribbons, default 0.8) Ball Scale: (for styles 'Ball and Stick' and 'Dot', default 0.3) 4. Show Glycan Cartoon: (0: hide, 1: show, default 0) 5. Show Membrane: (0: hide, 1: show, default 1) 6. Enlarge Command Window: (0: Regular, 1: Large, default 0) 1. URLs Used in Browsers Please copy one of the URLs below. They show the same result. (To add a title to share link, click "Windows > Your Note" and click "File > Share Link" again.) Original URL with commands: Lifelong Short URL:(To replace this URL, send a pull request to update share.html at iCn3D GitHub) Lifelong Short URL + Window Title:(To update the window title, click "Analysis > Your Note/Window Title".) 2. Commands Used in Jupyter Noteboook Please copy the following commands into a cell in Jupyter Notebook to show the same result. More details are at https://github.com/ncbi/icn3d/tree/master/jupyternotebook. Annotations:
Zoom: mouse wheel; Move: left button; Select Multiple Nodes: Ctrl Key and drag an Area Force on Nodes: Label Size: Internal Edges: Color each residue based on the percentage of solvent accessilbe surface area. The color ranges from blue, to white, to red for a percentage of 0, 35(variable), and 100, respectively. Middle Percentage(White): % Select residue based on the percentage of solvent accessilbe surface area. The values are in the range of 0-100. Min Percentage: % Max Percentage: % Select residue based on B-factor/pLDDT. The values are in the range of 0-100. Min B-factor/pLDDT: % Max B-factor/pLDDT: % X: Y: Z: Vector 2, X: Y: Z: The angle is: degree. 1: 5: 9: 13: 2: 6: 10: 14: 3: 7: 11: 15: Choose an Ig template for selected residues: Choose an Ig template to align with selected residues: |
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Click to View More Binding Site Information of This Target with Different Ligands |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Pathway Affiliation
Biological Network Descriptors
|
KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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Calcium signaling pathway | hsa04020 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | hsa04022 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
cAMP signaling pathway | hsa04024 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04080 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes | hsa04261 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Circulatory system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes | hsa04923 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Endocrine system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Renin secretion | hsa04924 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Endocrine system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Salivary secretion | hsa04970 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Digestive system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Click to Show/Hide the Information of Affiliated Human Pathways |
Degree | 19 | Degree centrality | 2.04E-03 | Betweenness centrality | 3.33E-03 |
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Closeness centrality | 2.40E-01 | Radiality | 1.42E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 9.36E-02 |
Neighborhood connectivity | 3.48E+01 | Topological coefficient | 7.27E-02 | Eccentricity | 12 |
Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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Co-Targets |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Regulators | Top | |||||
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Target-interacting Proteins |
Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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Target Expression Profile (TEP) |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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KEGG Pathway | [+] 7 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Calcium signaling pathway | |||||
2 | cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | |||||
3 | cAMP signaling pathway | |||||
4 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
5 | Endocytosis | |||||
6 | Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes | |||||
7 | Salivary secretion | |||||
NetPath Pathway | [+] 1 NetPath Pathways | + | ||||
1 | TCR Signaling Pathway | |||||
Panther Pathway | [+] 2 Panther Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gi alpha and Gs alpha mediated pathway | |||||
2 | Beta2 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | |||||
PID Pathway | [+] 2 PID Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Arf6 trafficking events | |||||
2 | Arf6 signaling events | |||||
Reactome | [+] 2 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Adrenoceptors | |||||
2 | G alpha (s) signalling events | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 7 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Monoamine GPCRs | |||||
2 | Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell | |||||
3 | GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
4 | Vitamin D Receptor Pathway | |||||
5 | GPCR ligand binding | |||||
6 | GPCR downstream signaling | |||||
7 | GPCRs, Other |
Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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Target Validation |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Evaluation of a new oral beta2-adrenoceptor stimulant bronchodilator, terbutaline. Pharmacology. 1975;13(3):201-11. | |||||
REF 2 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7479). | |||||
REF 3 | Emerging drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):275-91. | |||||
REF 4 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6601). | |||||
REF 5 | Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77. | |||||
REF 6 | Drug information of Clenbuterol, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 7 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 557). | |||||
REF 8 | Acute clenbuterol overdose resulting in supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. J Med Toxicol. 2007 Jun;3(2):56-60. | |||||
REF 9 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3465). | |||||
REF 10 | Long duration of airway but not systemic effects of inhaled formoterol in asthmatic patients. Respir Med. 2008 Mar;102(3):449-56. | |||||
REF 11 | Radium 223 dichloride for prostate cancer treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Sep 6;11:2643-2651. | |||||
REF 12 | Vilanterol trifenatate, a novel inhaled long-acting beta2 adrenoceptor agonist, is well tolerated in healthy subjects and demonstrates prolonged bronchodilation in subjects with asthma and COPD. PulmPharmacol Ther. 2013 Apr;26(2):256-64. | |||||
REF 13 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7455). | |||||
REF 14 | 2011 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012 Feb 1;11(2):91-4. | |||||
REF 15 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7205). | |||||
REF 16 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 086711. | |||||
REF 17 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 083346. | |||||
REF 18 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
REF 19 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800005434) | |||||
REF 20 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7250). | |||||
REF 21 | Drug information of Orciprenaline, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 22 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7543). | |||||
REF 23 | 2014 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Feb;14(2):77-81. | |||||
REF 24 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7272). | |||||
REF 25 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3464). | |||||
REF 26 | Drug information of Procaterol, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 27 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7294). | |||||
REF 28 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 071438. | |||||
REF 29 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 558). | |||||
REF 30 | Emerging therapies for treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2007 Sep;12(3):461-77. | |||||
REF 31 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 559). | |||||
REF 32 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 560). | |||||
REF 33 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 075877. | |||||
REF 34 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7353). | |||||
REF 35 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01936649) Open-label, Test-retest Study Assessing Reproducibility of Quantitative Measurements of Myocardial Uptake of AdreView.. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 36 | Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94. | |||||
REF 37 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
REF 38 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02343458) Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of PT003, PT005, and PT001 in Subjects With Moderate to Very Severe COPD. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 39 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Novartis. | |||||
REF 40 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
REF 41 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01977443) Therapeutic Efficacy of APD-209 Eye Drops in Treatment of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 42 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02109406) Efficacy and Safety Study of Two Dose Levels of AZD2115 in Subjects With Moderate to Severe COPD. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 43 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00736489) Single-dose Crossover Study to Investigate Pharmacodynamics of AZD3199. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 44 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7582). | |||||
REF 45 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800024247) | |||||
REF 46 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800026746) | |||||
REF 47 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00683449) Study Evaluating the Safety and Effects of MN-221 in Subjects Experiencing an Acute Exacerbation of Asthma. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 48 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00625521) Efficacy and Safety of ASF-1096 Cream 0.5% in the Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) Lesions. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 49 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Theravance. | |||||
REF 50 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800013676) | |||||
REF 51 | Effect of a 28-d treatment with L-796568, a novel beta(3)-adrenergic receptor agonist, on energy expenditure and body composition in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Oct;76(4):780-8. | |||||
REF 52 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003111) | |||||
REF 53 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000105) | |||||
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