Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T56175
(Former ID: TTDR00866)
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Target Name |
Lanosterol synthase (LSS)
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Synonyms |
Oxidosqualene--lanosterol cyclase; Oxidosqualene cyclase; OSC; LSS; 2,3-epoxysqualene--lanosterol cyclase
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Gene Name |
LSS
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Target Type |
Literature-reported target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 1 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Arterial occlusive disease [ICD-11: BD40] | |||||
Function |
Catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3 oxidosqualene to lanosterol, a reaction that forms the sterol nucleus.
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BioChemical Class |
Intramolecular transferases
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UniProt ID | ||||||
EC Number |
EC 5.4.99.7
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Sequence |
MTEGTCLRRRGGPYKTEPATDLGRWRLNCERGRQTWTYLQDERAGREQTGLEAYALGLDT
KNYFKDLPKAHTAFEGALNGMTFYVGLQAEDGHWTGDYGGPLFLLPGLLITCHVARIPLP AGYREEIVRYLRSVQLPDGGWGLHIEDKSTVFGTALNYVSLRILGVGPDDPDLVRARNIL HKKGGAVAIPSWGKFWLAVLNVYSWEGLNTLFPEMWLFPDWAPAHPSTLWCHCRQVYLPM SYCYAVRLSAAEDPLVQSLRQELYVEDFASIDWLAQRNNVAPDELYTPHSWLLRVVYALL NLYEHHHSAHLRQRAVQKLYEHIVADDRFTKSISIGPISKTINMLVRWYVDGPASTAFQE HVSRIPDYLWMGLDGMKMQGTNGSQIWDTAFAIQALLEAGGHHRPEFSSCLQKAHEFLRL SQVPDNPPDYQKYYRQMRKGGFSFSTLDCGWIVSDCTAEALKAVLLLQEKCPHVTEHIPR ERLCDAVAVLLNMRNPDGGFATYETKRGGHLLELLNPSEVFGDIMIDYTYVECTSAVMQA LKYFHKRFPEHRAAEIRETLTQGLEFCRRQQRADGSWEGSWGVCFTYGTWFGLEAFACMG QTYRDGTACAEVSRACDFLLSRQMADGGWGEDFESCEERRYLQSAQSQIHNTCWAMMGLM AVRHPDIEAQERGVRCLLEKQLPNGDWPQENIAGVFNKSCAISYTSYRNIFPIWALGRFS QLYPERALAGHP Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | PDB |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 3 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | BIBB-515 | Drug Info | Terminated | Arteriosclerosis | [2] | |
2 | BIBX-79 | Drug Info | Terminated | Arteriosclerosis | [1] | |
3 | ZD-9720 | Drug Info | Terminated | Arteriosclerosis | [3] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 2 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Modulator | [+] 3 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | BIBB-515 | Drug Info | [2], [3] | |||
2 | BIBX-79 | Drug Info | [1], [3] | |||
3 | ZD-9720 | Drug Info | [3] | |||
Inhibitor | [+] 11 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | 29-methylidene-2,3-oxidosqualene | Drug Info | [4] | |||
2 | B-Octylglucoside | Drug Info | [5] | |||
3 | Lanosterol | Drug Info | [5] | |||
4 | PMID22533316C1 | Drug Info | [6] | |||
5 | PMID22533316C3 | Drug Info | [6] | |||
6 | PMID22533316C4 | Drug Info | [6] | |||
7 | PMID9003518C3 | Drug Info | [4] | |||
8 | PMID9003518C4 | Drug Info | [4] | |||
9 | Ro48-8071 | Drug Info | [5], [7] | |||
10 | Tetradecane | Drug Info | [5] | |||
11 | [3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propyl]-dimethyl-amine | Drug Info | [8] |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Tissue Distribution
of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.
The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects
(Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Tissue Distribution
Human Pathway Affiliation
Biological Network Descriptors
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There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target
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Note:
If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.
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KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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Steroid biosynthesis | hsa00100 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Metabolism => Lipid metabolism | Pathway Hierarchy |
Degree | 13 | Degree centrality | 1.40E-03 | Betweenness centrality | 5.65E-05 |
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Closeness centrality | 1.91E-01 | Radiality | 1.33E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 5.64E-01 |
Neighborhood connectivity | 1.20E+01 | Topological coefficient | 3.00E-01 | Eccentricity | 11 |
Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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BioCyc | [+] 5 BioCyc Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) | |||||
2 | Cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol) | |||||
3 | Cholesterol biosynthesis I | |||||
4 | Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis | |||||
5 | Lanosterol biosynthesis | |||||
KEGG Pathway | [+] 3 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Steroid biosynthesis | |||||
2 | Metabolic pathways | |||||
3 | Biosynthesis of antibiotics | |||||
Panther Pathway | [+] 1 Panther Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Cholesterol biosynthesis | |||||
Pathwhiz Pathway | [+] 1 Pathwhiz Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Steroid Biosynthesis | |||||
Reactome | [+] 2 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Cholesterol biosynthesis | |||||
2 | Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP) | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 4 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Activation of Gene Expression by SREBP (SREBF) | |||||
2 | SREBP signalling | |||||
3 | Cholesterol Biosynthesis | |||||
4 | Cholesterol biosynthesis |
Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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Target Validation |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Effects of a novel 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitor on the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res. 1996 Jan;37(1):148-58. | |||||
REF 2 | Effects of a novel 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitor on cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism in vivo. J Lipid Res. 1997 Mar;38(3):564-75. | |||||
REF 3 | Toxicologic lesions associated with two related inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclase in the dog and mouse. Toxicol Pathol. 2001 Mar-Apr;29(2):174-9. | |||||
REF 4 | Synthesis and inhibition studies of sulfur-substituted squalene oxide analogues as mechanism-based inhibitors of 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase. J Med Chem. 1997 Jan 17;40(2):201-9. | |||||
REF 5 | How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. | |||||
REF 6 | Cytotoxic effects of combination of oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitors with atorvastatin in human cancer cells. J Med Chem. 2012 Jun 14;55(11):4990-5002. | |||||
REF 7 | Crystal structure of a squalene cyclase in complex with the potential anticholesteremic drug Ro48-8071. Chem Biol. 2002 May;9(5):639-45. | |||||
REF 8 | Oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitors as antimicrobial agents. J Med Chem. 2003 Sep 25;46(20):4240-3. |
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