Target Information
| Target General Information | Top | |||||
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| Target ID |
T67684
(Former ID: TTDS00004)
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| Target Name |
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3)
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| Synonyms |
M3 receptor; CHRM3
Click to Show/Hide
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| Gene Name |
CHRM3
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| Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
| Disease | [+] 10 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
| 1 | Asthma [ICD-11: CA23] | |||||
| 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22] | |||||
| 3 | Functional bladder disorder [ICD-11: GC50] | |||||
| 4 | Glaucoma [ICD-11: 9C61] | |||||
| 5 | Nausea/vomiting [ICD-11: MD90] | |||||
| 6 | Peptic ulcer [ICD-11: DA61] | |||||
| 7 | Respiratory system disease [ICD-11: CB40-CB7Z] | |||||
| 8 | Sebaceous gland disorder [ICD-11: ED91] | |||||
| 9 | Sjogren syndrome [ICD-11: 4A43] | |||||
| 10 | Tonus and reflex abnormality [ICD-11: MB47] | |||||
| Function |
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
Click to Show/Hide
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| BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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| UniProt ID | ||||||
| Sequence |
MTLHNNSTTSPLFPNISSSWIHSPSDAGLPPGTVTHFGSYNVSRAAGNFSSPDGTTDDPL
GGHTVWQVVFIAFLTGILALVTIIGNILVIVSFKVNKQLKTVNNYFLLSLACADLIIGVI SMNLFTTYIIMNRWALGNLACDLWLAIDYVASNASVMNLLVISFDRYFSITRPLTYRAKR TTKRAGVMIGLAWVISFVLWAPAILFWQYFVGKRTVPPGECFIQFLSEPTITFGTAIAAF YMPVTIMTILYWRIYKETEKRTKELAGLQASGTEAETENFVHPTGSSRSCSSYELQQQSM KRSNRRKYGRCHFWFTTKSWKPSSEQMDQDHSSSDSWNNNDAAASLENSASSDEEDIGSE TRAIYSIVLKLPGHSTILNSTKLPSSDNLQVPEEELGMVDLERKADKLQAQKSVDDGGSF PKSFSKLPIQLESAVDTAKTSDVNSSVGKSTATLPLSFKEATLAKRFALKTRSQITKRKR MSLVKEKKAAQTLSAILLAFIITWTPYNIMVLVNTFCDSCIPKTFWNLGYWLCYINSTVN PVCYALCNKTFRTTFKMLLLCQCDKKKRRKQQYQQRQSVIFHKRAPEQAL Click to Show/Hide
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| 3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold | ||||
| ADReCS ID | BADD_A05818 | |||||
| HIT2.0 ID | T93KNA | |||||
| Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Approved Drug(s) | [+] 13 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma/ocular hypertension | [2], [3] | |
| 2 | Cevimeline | Drug Info | Approved | Sjogren syndrome | [4] | |
| 3 | Darifenacin | Drug Info | Approved | Overactive bladder | [5], [6], [7] | |
| 4 | Ipratropium | Drug Info | Approved | Obstructive lung disease | [8], [9] | |
| 5 | LAS-34273 | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [10], [11] | |
| 6 | Methacholine Chloride | Drug Info | Approved | bronchial hyperreactivity | [3] | |
| 7 | Methscopolamine Bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Nausea and vomiting | [3] | |
| 8 | Methylscopolamine | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer | [3], [12], [13] | |
| 9 | SMT-D002 | Drug Info | Approved | Seborrhea | [14] | |
| 10 | Solifenacin | Drug Info | Approved | Overactive bladder | [15], [16] | |
| 11 | Succinylcholine | Drug Info | Approved | Spasm | [3], [17], [18] | |
| 12 | Tiotropium | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [19], [6] | |
| 13 | Tolterodine | Drug Info | Approved | Overactive bladder | [3] | |
| Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 3 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Tarafenacin | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Overactive bladder | [20] | |
| 2 | TRN-157 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [21] | |
| 3 | CHF 5407 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [22] | |
| Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 4 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Zamifenacin | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Urinary incontinence | [23] | |
| 2 | PSD-506 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Overactive bladder | [24] | |
| 3 | Revatropate | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [25] | |
| 4 | Alvameline | Drug Info | Terminated | Alzheimer disease | [26] | |
| Mode of Action | [+] 5 Modes of Action | + | ||||
| Inhibitor | [+] 36 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | [27] | |||
| 2 | 1'-Benzyl-3-phenyl-[3,4']bipiperidinyl-2,6-dione | Drug Info | [48] | |||
| 3 | 1,1-diphenyl-2-(3-tropanyl)ethanol | Drug Info | [49] | |||
| 4 | 1-Methyl-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-but-2-ynyl)-urea | Drug Info | [50] | |||
| 5 | 2,8-Dimethyl-1-oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one | Drug Info | [51] | |||
| 6 | 2-Methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hex-4-ynal oxime | Drug Info | [52] | |||
| 7 | 3-(3-benzylamino)-piperidin-2-one | Drug Info | [53] | |||
| 8 | 3-Methyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [52] | |||
| 9 | 3-Tetrazol-2-yl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane | Drug Info | [54] | |||
| 10 | 4-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-o-tolylbutan-1-one | Drug Info | [55] | |||
| 11 | 6-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-hex-4-ynal oxime | Drug Info | [52] | |||
| 12 | 7-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [52] | |||
| 13 | 7-Dimethylamino-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [52] | |||
| 14 | 7-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [52] | |||
| 15 | A-987306 | Drug Info | [58] | |||
| 16 | Acetic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [59] | |||
| 17 | Benzoic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [61] | |||
| 18 | BRL-55473 | Drug Info | [62] | |||
| 19 | Cremastrine | Drug Info | [64] | |||
| 20 | FLUMEZAPINE | Drug Info | [67] | |||
| 21 | FM1-10 | Drug Info | [68] | |||
| 22 | FM1-43 | Drug Info | [68] | |||
| 23 | GNF-PF-5618 | Drug Info | [69] | |||
| 24 | ISOCLOZAPINE | Drug Info | [73] | |||
| 25 | ISOLOXAPINE | Drug Info | [74] | |||
| 26 | N-(4-Dimethylamino-but-2-ynyl)-N-methyl-acetamide | Drug Info | [52] | |||
| 27 | N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl chloride | Drug Info | [62] | |||
| 28 | N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl fluoride | Drug Info | [62] | |||
| 29 | NOCARDIMICIN A | Drug Info | [69] | |||
| 30 | Nocardimicin C | Drug Info | [69] | |||
| 31 | Nocardimicin D | Drug Info | [69] | |||
| 32 | Nocardimicin F | Drug Info | [69] | |||
| 33 | Noccardimicin E | Drug Info | [69] | |||
| 34 | Propionic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [61] | |||
| 35 | SULFOARECOLINE | Drug Info | [82] | |||
| 36 | UCB-101333-3 | Drug Info | [85] | |||
| Agonist | [+] 12 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Cevimeline | Drug Info | [28] | |||
| 2 | SMT-D002 | Drug Info | [35] | |||
| 3 | arecaidine propargyl ester | Drug Info | [60] | |||
| 4 | furtrethonium | Drug Info | [60] | |||
| 5 | J-104135 | Drug Info | [43] | |||
| 6 | McN-A-343 | Drug Info | [76] | |||
| 7 | methylfurmethide | Drug Info | [60] | |||
| 8 | NNC 11-1314 | Drug Info | [78] | |||
| 9 | NNC 11-1585 | Drug Info | [78] | |||
| 10 | NNC 11-1607 | Drug Info | [78] | |||
| 11 | pentylthio-TZTP | Drug Info | [60] | |||
| 12 | [3H]oxotremorine-M | Drug Info | [60] | |||
| Antagonist | [+] 27 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Darifenacin | Drug Info | [29], [30] | |||
| 2 | LAS-34273 | Drug Info | [25] | |||
| 3 | Methylscopolamine | Drug Info | [34] | |||
| 4 | Solifenacin | Drug Info | [36] | |||
| 5 | Succinylcholine | Drug Info | [37], [38] | |||
| 6 | Tiotropium | Drug Info | [1], [39] | |||
| 7 | Tolterodine | Drug Info | [40], [41] | |||
| 8 | Tarafenacin | Drug Info | [42] | |||
| 9 | TRN-157 | Drug Info | [43] | |||
| 10 | Zamifenacin | Drug Info | [45] | |||
| 11 | 3-(1-carbamoyl-1,1-diphenylmethyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenylethyl)pyrrolidine (APP) | Drug Info | [40] | |||
| 12 | 4-DAMP | Drug Info | [56], [57] | |||
| 13 | AE-9C90CB | Drug Info | [43] | |||
| 14 | guanylpirenzepine | Drug Info | [71] | |||
| 15 | hexahydrodifenidol | Drug Info | [72] | |||
| 16 | hexahydrosiladifenidol | Drug Info | [72] | |||
| 17 | lithocholylcholine | Drug Info | [75] | |||
| 18 | ML381 | Drug Info | [77] | |||
| 19 | Olterodine | Drug Info | [79] | |||
| 20 | Oxybutynine | Drug Info | [80] | |||
| 21 | p-F-HHSiD | Drug Info | [81] | |||
| 22 | PTAC | Drug Info | [79] | |||
| 23 | silahexocyclium | Drug Info | [72] | |||
| 24 | tripitramine | Drug Info | [84] | |||
| 25 | UH-AH 37 | Drug Info | [86] | |||
| 26 | VU0255035 | Drug Info | [87] | |||
| 27 | [3H]QNB | Drug Info | [89] | |||
| Modulator | [+] 9 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Ipratropium | Drug Info | [31] | |||
| 2 | Methacholine Chloride | Drug Info | [32] | |||
| 3 | Methscopolamine Bromide | Drug Info | [33] | |||
| 4 | CHF 5407 | Drug Info | [44] | |||
| 5 | PSD-506 | Drug Info | [46] | |||
| 6 | Revatropate | Drug Info | [47] | |||
| 7 | Alvameline | Drug Info | [26] | |||
| 8 | DAU-5750 | Drug Info | [65] | |||
| 9 | DAU-5884 | Drug Info | [66] | |||
| Modulator (allosteric modulator) | [+] 8 Modulator (allosteric modulator) drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | brucine | Drug Info | [63] | |||
| 2 | Go7874 | Drug Info | [70] | |||
| 3 | N-benzyl brucine | Drug Info | [63] | |||
| 4 | N-chloromethyl-brucine | Drug Info | [63] | |||
| 5 | thiochrome | Drug Info | [83] | |||
| 6 | vinburnine | Drug Info | [60] | |||
| 7 | WIN 51,708 | Drug Info | [88] | |||
| 8 | WIN 62,577 | Drug Info | [88] | |||
| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | ||||||
| Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Tissue Distribution
of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.
The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects
(Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Tissue Distribution
Human Pathway Affiliation
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Note:
If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.
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| KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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| Calcium signaling pathway | hsa04020 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04080 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Cholinergic synapse | hsa04725 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Nervous system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Taste transduction | hsa04742 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Sensory system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | hsa04810 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Cellular Processes => Cell motility | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Insulin secretion | hsa04911 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Endocrine system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Salivary secretion | hsa04970 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Digestive system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Gastric acid secretion | hsa04971 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Digestive system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Pancreatic secretion | hsa04972 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Digestive system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Click to Show/Hide the Information of Affiliated Human Pathways | |||
| Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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| Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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| (1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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| (3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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| (5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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| "RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five | ||
| Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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| Co-Targets | ||||||
| Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target Poor or Non Binders | ||||||
| Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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| Target Expression Profile (TEP) | ||||||
| Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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| Target Validation | ||||||
| Target QSAR Model | ||||||
| References | Top | |||||
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| REF 1 | DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. | |||||
| REF 2 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 288). | |||||
| REF 3 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
| REF 4 | Therapeutic effect of cevimeline on dry eye in patients with Sj gren's syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jul;138(1):6-17. | |||||
| REF 5 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 321). | |||||
| REF 6 | Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77. | |||||
| REF 7 | 2004 approvals: the demise of the blockbuster. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Feb;4(2):93-4. | |||||
| REF 8 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 325). | |||||
| REF 9 | Emerging drugs for postoperative ileus. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2007 Nov;12(4):619-26. | |||||
| REF 10 | Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90. | |||||
| REF 11 | Aclidinium bromide, a novel long-acting muscarinic M3 antagonist for the treatment of COPD. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 May;10(5):482-90. | |||||
| REF 12 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 316). | |||||
| REF 13 | Drug information of Methylscopolamine, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
| REF 14 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Summit. | |||||
| REF 15 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7483). | |||||
| REF 16 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 021518. | |||||
| REF 17 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4004). | |||||
| REF 18 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 008453. | |||||
| REF 19 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 367). | |||||
| REF 20 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01458197) A Phase 2 Study to Compare the Efficacy and Tolerability of Tarafenacin 0.2 mg and Tarafenacin 0.4 mg to Placebo in Patients Suffering From Overactive Bladder.. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
| REF 21 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02382510) Multiple Ascending Dose Study of TRN-157 in Stable Mild and Moderate Asthmatics. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
| REF 22 | Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94. | |||||
| REF 23 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003650) | |||||
| REF 24 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800022973) | |||||
| REF 25 | Emerging drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):275-91. | |||||
| REF 26 | In vivo muscarinic cholinergic mediated effects of Lu 25-109, a M1 agonist and M2/M3 antagonist in vitro. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Jun;137(3):233-40. | |||||
| REF 27 | Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists. J Med Chem. 1993 Apr 2;36(7):842-7. | |||||
| REF 28 | Degradation of submandibular gland AQP5 by parasympathetic denervation of chorda tympani and its recovery by cevimeline, an M3 muscarinic receptor ... Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):G112-G123. | |||||
| REF 29 | M(1) and M(3) muscarinic receptors are involved in the release of urinary bladder-derived relaxant factor. Pharmacol Res. 2009 May;59(5):300-5. | |||||
| REF 30 | Characterisation of [3H]-darifenacin as a novel radioligand for the study of muscarinic M3 receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 1997 Jan-May;17(1-3):177-84. | |||||
| REF 31 | Role of parasympathetic nerves and muscarinic receptors in allergy and asthma.Chem Immunol Allergy.2012;98:48-69. | |||||
| REF 32 | Muscarinic M3-receptors mediate cholinergic synergism of mitogenesis in airway smooth muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2003 Feb;28(2):257-62. | |||||
| REF 33 | Agonist-regulated alteration of the affinity of pancreatic muscarinic cholinergic receptors. J Biol Chem. 1993 Oct 25;268(30):22436-43. | |||||
| REF 34 | Interaction of neuromuscular blocking drugs with recombinant human m1-m5 muscarinic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;125(5):1088-94. | |||||
| REF 35 | Demonstration of bladder selective muscarinic receptor binding by intravesical oxybutynin to treat overactive bladder. J Urol. 2004 Nov;172(5 Pt 1):2059-64. | |||||
| REF 36 | Comparison of muscarinic receptor selectivity of solifenacin and oxybutynin in the bladder and submandibular gland of muscarinic receptor knockout ... Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 1;615(1-3):201-6. | |||||
| REF 37 | The involvement of histaminic and muscarinic receptors in the bronchoconstriction induced by myorelaxant administration in sensitized rabbits. Anesth Analg. 2008 Dec;107(6):1899-906. | |||||
| REF 38 | Neuromuscular relaxants as antagonists for M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors. Anesthesiology. 1998 Mar;88(3):744-50. | |||||
| REF 39 | Pharmacological characterization of GSK573719 (umeclidinium): a novel, long-acting, inhaled antagonist of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors for treatment of pulmonary diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 May;345(2):260-70. | |||||
| REF 40 | Signal transduction underlying carbachol-induced contraction of human urinary bladder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1148-53. | |||||
| REF 41 | Knockouts model the 100 best-selling drugs--will they model the next 100 Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Jan;2(1):38-51. | |||||
| REF 42 | In vivo and in vitro pharmacological characterization of SVT-40776, a novel M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist, for the treatment of overactive bladder. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Mar;156(5):807-17. | |||||
| REF 43 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 15). | |||||
| REF 44 | Bronchodilator activity of (3R)-3-[[[(3-fluorophenyl)[(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)methyl]amino] carbonyl]oxy]-1-[2-oxo-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]-1-azoniabicyc... J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Dec;335(3):622-35. | |||||
| REF 45 | Drug treatment options for irritable bowel syndrome: managing for success. Drugs Aging. 2001;18(3):201-11. | |||||
| REF 46 | Interpreting expression profiles of cancers by genome-wide survey of breadth of expression in normal tissues. Genomics 2005 Aug;86(2):127-41. | |||||
| REF 47 | Discovery & development of selective M3 antagonists for clinical use.Life Sci.1997;60(13-14):1053-60. | |||||
| REF 48 | Synthesis and biological evaluation of [125I]- and [123I]-4-iododexetimide, a potent muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. J Med Chem. 1989 May;32(5):1057-62. | |||||
| REF 49 | Discovery of (3-endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-diphenylethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane bromide as an efficacious inhaled muscarinic acetylch... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 15;19(16):4560-2. | |||||
| REF 50 | Urea and 2-imidazolidone derivatives of the muscarinic agents oxotremorine and N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide. J Med Chem. 1992 Aug 21;35(17):3270-9. | |||||
| REF 51 | Synthesis and modeling studies of a potent conformationally rigid muscarinic agonist: 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanespirofuranone. J Med Chem. 1998 Oct 22;41(22):4181-5. | |||||
| REF 52 | Cholinergic agents: aldehyde, ketone, and oxime analogues of the muscarinic agonist UH5, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2(8):803-808 (1992). | |||||
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