Target Information

Target General Infomation
Target ID
T82841
Former ID
TTDNC00576
Target Name
insulin
Gene Name
INS
Synonyms
Insulin; Insulin A chain; INS
Target Type
Successful
Disease Diabetes [ICD9: 253.5, 588.1; ICD10: E23.2, N25.1]
Metabolic syndrome x; Type 2 diabetes [ICD9:277.7, 250; ICD10: E88.81, E11]
Measure kidney function [ICD10: N00-N39]
Malaria [ICD10: B54]
Type 1 diabetes [ICD9: 250; ICD10: E10]
Type 1/2 diabetes [ICD9: 250, 278; ICD10: E08-E13]
Type 2 diabetes [ICD9: 250; ICD10: E11]
Unspecified [ICD code not available]
Function
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
BioChemical Class
Insulin family
UniProt ID
P01308
Sequence
MALWMRLLPLLALLALWGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTRREAED
LQVGQVELGGGPGAGSLQPLALEGSLQKRGIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Drugs and Mode of Action
Drug(s) Insulin degludec Drug Info Approved Type 1/2 diabetes [532651]
Insulin determir Drug Info Approved Diabetes [551871]
Insulin Susp Isophane Recombinant Human Drug Info Approved Diabetes [551871]
Insulin Susp Protamine Zinc Beef/Pork Drug Info Approved Diabetes [551871]
Insulin Zinc Susp Recombinant Human Drug Info Approved Diabetes [551871]
Insulin-aspart Drug Info Approved Diabetes [536361]
Insulin-detemir Drug Info Approved Type 1/2 diabetes [536361], [551186]
Insulin-glargine Drug Info Approved Diabetes [536361], [542566]
Inulin Drug Info Approved Measure kidney function [536361]
LY2605541 Drug Info Phase 3 Type 1/2 diabetes [524211]
LY2963016 Drug Info Phase 3 Type 1/2 diabetes [525011]
MK-1293 Drug Info Phase 3 Malaria [524642]
PC-DAC:Insulin Drug Info Phase 3 Type 1 diabetes [521936]
SAR342434 Drug Info Phase 3 Diabetes [524964]
U300 Drug Info Phase 3 Type 2 diabetes [551428]
NNC-0123-0000-0338 Drug Info Phase 2 Diabetes [525229]
SAR-161271 Drug Info Phase 1/2 Type 1 diabetes [522921]
Adjustable basal insulin Drug Info Phase 1 Diabetes [549167]
IBC-VS01 Drug Info Phase 1 Type 1 diabetes [521551]
MER-3001 Drug Info Phase 1 Type 1 diabetes [549999]
NP-500 Drug Info Phase 1 Metabolic syndrome x; Type 2 diabetes [548352]
OI287GT Drug Info Phase 1 Type 1/2 diabetes [549467]
OI362GT Drug Info Phase 1 Type 1/2 diabetes [549408]
SBS-1000 Drug Info Phase 1 Diabetes [529825]
NBI-6024 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 2 Type 1 diabetes [546983]
S-15261 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 2 Diabetes [545726]
FT-105 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 1 Diabetes [547122]
Oral insulin Drug Info Terminated Type 1 diabetes [547382]
Modulator Adjustable basal insulin Drug Info [531475]
FT-105 Drug Info [544185]
IBC-VS01 Drug Info [544265]
Insulin degludec Drug Info [532651]
Insulin determir Drug Info [551186]
insulin molecules, Novo Drug Info
Insulin Susp Isophane Recombinant Human Drug Info [556264]
Insulin Susp Protamine Zinc Beef/Pork Drug Info [556264]
Insulin Zinc Susp Recombinant Human Drug Info [556264]
Insulin-aspart Drug Info [556264]
Insulin-detemir Drug Info [556264]
Insulin-glargine Drug Info [556264]
Inulin Drug Info [556264]
LY2605541 Drug Info [532646]
MER-3001 Drug Info [550000]
MK-1293 Drug Info
NBI-6024 Drug Info [526366]
NNC-0123-0000-0338 Drug Info [523424]
NP-500 Drug Info [551541]
OI287GT Drug Info
OI362GT Drug Info
Oral insulin Drug Info [523037]
PC-DAC:Insulin Drug Info [544109], [544133]
S-15261 Drug Info [525894]
SAR-161271 Drug Info [549822]
SAR342434 Drug Info [544473]
SBS-1000 Drug Info [531059]
U300 Drug Info [532988]
Agonist LY2963016 Drug Info [533242]
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM)
TEP EXP Info
Pathways
KEGG Pathway Ras signaling pathway
Rap1 signaling pathway
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
HIF-1 signaling pathway
FoxO signaling pathway
Oocyte meiosis
Regulation of autophagy
mTOR signaling pathway
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
AMPK signaling pathway
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
Insulin signaling pathway
Insulin secretion
Ovarian steroidogenesis
Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation
Prolactin signaling pathway
Type II diabetes mellitus
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Type I diabetes mellitus
Maturity onset diabetes of the young
Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
Prostate cancer
PANTHER Pathway Insulin/IGF pathway-mitogen activated protein kinase kinase/MAP kinase cascade
Insulin/IGF pathway-protein kinase B signaling cascade
Pathway Interaction Database Insulin Pathway
Signaling events mediated by PTP1B
Arf6 trafficking events
Signaling events mediated by TCPTP
FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks
ATF-2 transcription factor network
Insulin-mediated glucose transport
FOXA1 transcription factor network
PathWhiz Pathway Insulin Signalling
Pancreas Function
Leucine Stimulation on Insulin Signaling
Reactome Regulation of gene expression in beta cells
Insulin processing
Regulation of insulin secretion
IRS activation
Signal attenuation
Insulin receptor signalling cascade
Insulin receptor recycling
WikiPathways Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer
Differentiation Pathway
Insulin Processing
Nanoparticle triggered autophagic cell death
Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation
Adipogenesis
AGE/RAGE pathway
SREBP signalling
Cori Cycle
Synthesis, Secretion, and Deacylation of Ghrelin
Signaling by Insulin receptor
Regulation of beta-cell development
Integration of energy metabolism
Folate Metabolism
Vitamin B12 Metabolism
Selenium Micronutrient Network
References
Ref 521551ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00057499) Evaluation of a Diabetes Vaccine in Newly Diagnosed Diabetics. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 521936ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00411892) Effect of Inhaled Insulin (AERx iDMS) on Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 522921ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01053728) Study of How Single Rising Doses of SAR161271 Are Absorbed and Act in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 524211ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01792284) A Study of LY2605541 in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 524642ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02059161) A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of MK-1293 Compared to Lantus in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) (MK-1293-003). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 524964ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02273180) Comparison of SAR342434 to Humalog as the Rapid Acting Insulin in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Also Using Insulin Glargine. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 525011ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02302716) A Study of LY2963016 Compared to LANTUS in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 525229ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02470039) Trial to Compare NNC0123-0000-0338 in a Tablet Formulation and Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Currently Treated With Oral Antidiabetic Therapy.
Ref 529825Proinsulin peptide immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes: report of a first-in-man Phase I safety study. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Feb;155(2):156-65.
Ref 5326512013 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 Feb;13(2):85-9.
Ref 536361Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77. Epub 2007 Feb 20.
Ref 542566(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7572).
Ref 545726Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800004396)
Ref 546983Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800011773)
Ref 547122Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800013224)
Ref 547382Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800015749)
Ref 548352Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800024901)
Ref 549167Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800033163)
Ref 549408Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800036594)
Ref 549467Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800037853)
Ref 549999Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Mercia Pharma Inc.
Ref 5511862005 approvals: Safety first. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 5, 92-93 (February 2006).
Ref 551428Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Sanofi.
Ref 551871Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
Ref 523037ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01120912) Safety and Efficacy of Single Administration of Oshadi Oral Insulin in Type I Diabetes Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 523424ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01334034) Safety of NNC 0123-0000-0338 in Healthy Subjects. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 525894Beneficial insulin-sensitizing and vascular effects of S15261 in the insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Nov;295(2):753-60.
Ref 526366Immunological characterization and therapeutic activity of an altered-peptide ligand, NBI-6024, based on the immunodominant type 1 diabetes autoantigen insulin B-chain (9-23) peptide. Diabetes. 2002 Jul;51(7):2126-34.
Ref 531059Synergistic antihyperglycemic effects between plant-derived oleanolic acid and insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ren Fail. 2010;32(7):832-9.
Ref 531475The future of basal insulin supplementation. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011 Jun;13 Suppl 1:S103-8.
Ref 532646LY2605541--a preferential hepato-specific insulin analogue. Diabetes. 2014 Feb;63(2):390-2.
Ref 5326512013 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 Feb;13(2):85-9.
Ref 532988U300, a novel long-acting insulin formulation. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014 Dec;14(12):1849-60.
Ref 533242Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine compared with insulin glargine (Lantus?) in patients with type 1 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial: the ELEMENT 1 study. Diabetes Obes Metab.2015 Aug;17(8):726-33.
Ref 544109Inhaled Insulin: Promises and Concerns. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008 March; 2(2): 311-315.
Ref 544133Development and Testing of Solid Dose Formulations Containing Polysialic Acid Insulin Conjugate: Next Generation of Long-Acting Insulin. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 May; 4(3): 532-539.
Ref 544185Degludec insulin: A novel basal insulin. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 July; 15(Suppl1): S12-S16.
Ref 544265Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus using a Novel Vaccine. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2011 February; 2(1): 9-16.
Ref 544473Biosimilar insulins: a European perspective. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015 May; 17(5): 445-451.
Ref 549822Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of sanofi-aventis.
Ref 550000Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Mercia Pharma Inc.
Ref 5511862005 approvals: Safety first. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 5, 92-93 (February 2006).
Ref 551541Napo Receives Commitments for a Private Placement of Common Shares and Enters into Binding Letter of Intent for Intellectual Property License. Napo. JANUARY 08, 2007
Ref 556264Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.

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