Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T79961
(Former ID: TTDI01755)
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Target Name |
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (CHRM5)
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Synonyms |
CHRM5
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Gene Name |
CHRM5
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Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 28 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Abnormal micturition [ICD-11: MF50] | |||||
2 | Anterior uveitis [ICD-11: 9A96] | |||||
3 | Appearance/behaviour symptom [ICD-11: MB23] | |||||
4 | Asthma [ICD-11: CA23] | |||||
5 | Brain disease [ICD-11: 8C70-8E61] | |||||
6 | Central and peripheral nervous disease [ICD-11: 8A04-8E7Z] | |||||
7 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22] | |||||
8 | Cognition symptoms/signs/clinical sympton [ICD-11: MB21] | |||||
9 | Cough [ICD-11: MD12] | |||||
10 | Digestive system disease [ICD-11: DE2Z] | |||||
11 | Female pelvic pain [ICD-11: GA34] | |||||
12 | Functional bladder disorder [ICD-11: GC50] | |||||
13 | Gastritis [ICD-11: DA42] | |||||
14 | General examination [ICD-11: QA00] | |||||
15 | Glaucoma [ICD-11: 9C61] | |||||
16 | Hypertension [ICD-11: BA00-BA04] | |||||
17 | Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [ICD-11: 1A40] | |||||
18 | Irritable bowel syndrome [ICD-11: DD91] | |||||
19 | Nystagmus [ICD-11: 9C84] | |||||
20 | Oesophagus motility disorder [ICD-11: DA21] | |||||
21 | Pain [ICD-11: MG30-MG3Z] | |||||
22 | Pancreatitis [ICD-11: DC31-DC34] | |||||
23 | Parkinsonism [ICD-11: 8A00] | |||||
24 | Peptic ulcer [ICD-11: DA61] | |||||
25 | Polyuria [ICD-11: MF55] | |||||
26 | Tonus and reflex abnormality [ICD-11: MB47] | |||||
27 | Unspecific substance harmful effect [ICD-11: NE6Z] | |||||
28 | Urgency [ICD-11: N.A.] | |||||
Function |
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Click to Show/Hide
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BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MEGDSYHNATTVNGTPVNHQPLERHRLWEVITIAAVTAVVSLITIVGNVLVMISFKVNSQ
LKTVNNYYLLSLACADLIIGIFSMNLYTTYILMGRWALGSLACDLWLALDYVASNASVMN LLVISFDRYFSITRPLTYRAKRTPKRAGIMIGLAWLISFILWAPAILCWQYLVGKRTVPL DECQIQFLSEPTITFGTAIAAFYIPVSVMTILYCRIYRETEKRTKDLADLQGSDSVTKAE KRKPAHRALFRSCLRCPRPTLAQRERNQASWSSSRRSTSTTGKPSQATGPSANWAKAEQL TTCSSYPSSEDEDKPATDPVLQVVYKSQGKESPGEEFSAEETEETFVKAETEKSDYDTPN YLLSPAAAHRPKSQKCVAYKFRLVVKADGNQETNNGCHKVKIMPCPFPVAKEPSTKGLNP NPSHQMTKRKRVVLVKERKAAQTLSAILLAFIITWTPYNIMVLVSTFCDKCVPVTLWHLG YWLCYVNSTVNPICYALCNRTFRKTFKMLLLCRWKKKKVEEKLYWQGNSKLP Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Approved Drug(s) | [+] 31 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
1 | ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma/ocular hypertension | [2], [3] | |
2 | Anisodine | Drug Info | Approved | Central and peripheral nervous disease | [3] | |
3 | Anisotropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer | [3], [4] | |
4 | Atropine | Drug Info | Approved | Organophosphate poisoning | [5], [6] | |
5 | Belladonna | Drug Info | Approved | Colitis | [3] | |
6 | Bethanechol | Drug Info | Approved | Urinary retention | [7], [8] | |
7 | Butylscopolamine | Drug Info | Approved | Dysmenorrhea | [3] | |
8 | Choline alfoscerate | Drug Info | Approved | Amnesia | [3] | |
9 | Cimetropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Spasm | [3] | |
10 | Cryptenamine Acetates | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [3] | |
11 | Cyclopentolate | Drug Info | Approved | Examination of eyes or vision | [3] | |
12 | Emepronium | Drug Info | Approved | Urinary incontinence | [3] | |
13 | Flavoxate | Drug Info | Approved | Suprapubic pain | [3] | |
14 | Flutropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Cough | [3] | |
15 | Homatropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | Approved | Uveitis | [3], [9] | |
16 | Hyoscyamine | Drug Info | Approved | Gastrointestinal disease | [10] | |
17 | Ispaghula | Drug Info | Approved | Irritable bowel syndrome | [10] | |
18 | Mebeverine | Drug Info | Approved | Irritable bowel syndrome | [10] | |
19 | Mepenzolate | Drug Info | Approved | Gastrointestinal disease | [3], [11] | |
20 | Methantheline | Drug Info | Approved | Gastritis | [3] | |
21 | Oxitropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [3] | |
22 | Oxyphencyclimine | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer | [3], [12], [13] | |
23 | Pilocarpine | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma/ocular hypertension | [14], [15] | |
24 | Prifinium | Drug Info | Approved | Irritable bowel syndrome | [3] | |
25 | Procyclidine | Drug Info | Approved | Parkinson disease | [16], [17] | |
26 | Promazine | Drug Info | Approved | Psychomotor agitation | [3] | |
27 | Propiverine | Drug Info | Approved | Urinary incontinence | [3] | |
28 | Tridihexethyl | Drug Info | Approved | Acquired nystagmus | [18] | |
29 | Trospium | Drug Info | Approved | Spasm | [3], [19], [20], [21], [22] | |
30 | Umeclidinium | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [23], [24] | |
31 | Pramiracetam | Drug Info | Approved (orphan drug) | Brain disease | [3] | |
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 4 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | L-651582 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Solid tumour/cancer | [25] | |
2 | OrM3 | Drug Info | Phase 2b | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [26] | |
3 | GSK233705 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [26] | |
4 | Dexpirronium | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [27] | |
Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 7 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Benactyzine | Drug Info | Withdrawn from market | Depression | [28] | |
2 | BMS-181168 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Cognitive impairment | [29] | |
3 | DDP-200 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Urinary incontinence | [30] | |
4 | FK-584 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Central and peripheral nervous disease | [31] | |
5 | AM-831 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Schizophrenia | [32] | |
6 | RS 86 | Drug Info | Terminated | Alzheimer disease | [34] | |
7 | SU-740 | Drug Info | Terminated | Stomach ulcer | [35] | |
Preclinical Drug(s) | [+] 1 Preclinical Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Org-23366 | Drug Info | Preclinical | Schizophrenia | [33] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 6 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Inhibitor | [+] 30 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | [36] | |||
2 | 1'-Benzyl-3-phenyl-[3,4']bipiperidinyl-2,6-dione | Drug Info | [73] | |||
3 | 1-Methyl-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-but-2-ynyl)-urea | Drug Info | [74] | |||
4 | 2,8-Dimethyl-1-oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one | Drug Info | [75] | |||
5 | 2-Methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hex-4-ynal oxime | Drug Info | [76] | |||
6 | 3-(3-benzylamino)-piperidin-2-one | Drug Info | [77] | |||
7 | 3-Methyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
8 | 3-Tetrazol-2-yl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane | Drug Info | [78] | |||
9 | 4-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-o-tolylbutan-1-one | Drug Info | [79] | |||
10 | 6-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-hex-4-ynal oxime | Drug Info | [76] | |||
11 | 7-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
12 | 7-Dimethylamino-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
13 | 7-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
14 | Acetic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [81] | |||
15 | Benzoic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [81] | |||
16 | BRL-55473 | Drug Info | [83] | |||
17 | Cremastrine | Drug Info | [84] | |||
18 | FLUMEZAPINE | Drug Info | [85] | |||
19 | FM1-10 | Drug Info | [86] | |||
20 | FM1-43 | Drug Info | [86] | |||
21 | GNF-PF-5618 | Drug Info | [87] | |||
22 | ISOCLOZAPINE | Drug Info | [88] | |||
23 | ISOLOXAPINE | Drug Info | [89] | |||
24 | N-(4-Dimethylamino-but-2-ynyl)-N-methyl-acetamide | Drug Info | [76] | |||
25 | N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl chloride | Drug Info | [83] | |||
26 | N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl fluoride | Drug Info | [83] | |||
27 | PF-3409409 | Drug Info | [91] | |||
28 | SULFOARECOLINE | Drug Info | [92] | |||
29 | VU0119498 | Drug Info | [93] | |||
30 | VU0238429 | Drug Info | [93] | |||
Modulator | [+] 21 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | Anisodine | Drug Info | [37] | |||
2 | Belladonna | Drug Info | [43], [3] | |||
3 | Butylscopolamine | Drug Info | [47], [3] | |||
4 | Choline alfoscerate | Drug Info | [48] | |||
5 | Cimetropium bromide | Drug Info | [49], [50] | |||
6 | Cryptenamine Acetates | Drug Info | [51] | |||
7 | Emepronium | Drug Info | [53], [3] | |||
8 | Flutropium bromide | Drug Info | [49] | |||
9 | Oxitropium bromide | Drug Info | [49] | |||
10 | Pramiracetam | Drug Info | [1], [3] | |||
11 | Prifinium | Drug Info | [62], [3] | |||
12 | Umeclidinium | Drug Info | [23] | |||
13 | L-651582 | Drug Info | [25] | |||
14 | BMS-181168 | Drug Info | [67] | |||
15 | DDP-200 | Drug Info | [68] | |||
16 | FK-584 | Drug Info | [69] | |||
17 | SU-740 | Drug Info | [72] | |||
18 | BHT-3034 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
19 | CRTX-070 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
20 | JWB-1-84-1 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
21 | Recombinant botulinum toxin | Drug Info | [48] | |||
Binder | [+] 4 Binder drugs | + | ||||
1 | Anisotropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | [38] | |||
2 | Oxyphencyclimine | Drug Info | [59] | |||
3 | Promazine | Drug Info | [64] | |||
4 | Tridihexethyl | Drug Info | [66] | |||
Antagonist | [+] 21 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Atropine | Drug Info | [39], [40], [41], [42] | |||
2 | Cyclopentolate | Drug Info | [52] | |||
3 | Flavoxate | Drug Info | [54] | |||
4 | Homatropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | [55] | |||
5 | Hyoscyamine | Drug Info | [56] | |||
6 | Ispaghula | Drug Info | [10] | |||
7 | Mebeverine | Drug Info | [10] | |||
8 | Mepenzolate | Drug Info | [57] | |||
9 | Methantheline | Drug Info | [58] | |||
10 | Procyclidine | Drug Info | [63] | |||
11 | Propiverine | Drug Info | [65], [3] | |||
12 | Trospium | Drug Info | [55] | |||
13 | OrM3 | Drug Info | [26] | |||
14 | GSK233705 | Drug Info | [26] | |||
15 | Dexpirronium | Drug Info | [48] | |||
16 | Benactyzine | Drug Info | [42] | |||
17 | Org-23366 | Drug Info | [33] | |||
18 | alpha-conotoxin AuIB | Drug Info | [48] | |||
19 | alpha-conotoxin GI | Drug Info | [48] | |||
20 | alpha-conotoxin PnIA | Drug Info | [48] | |||
21 | Aprophen | Drug Info | [42], [82] | |||
Agonist | [+] 7 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Bethanechol | Drug Info | [44], [45], [46] | |||
2 | Pilocarpine | Drug Info | [60], [61] | |||
3 | AM-831 | Drug Info | [70] | |||
4 | RS 86 | Drug Info | [71] | |||
5 | Muscarine | Drug Info | [41] | |||
6 | [125I]epibatidine | Drug Info | [48] | |||
7 | [3H]cytisine | Drug Info | [48] | |||
Blocker (channel blocker) | [+] 2 Blocker (channel blocker) drugs | + | ||||
1 | A-867744 | Drug Info | [80] | |||
2 | NS1738 | Drug Info | [90] |
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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Co-Targets |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Some neurochemical properties of pramiracetam (CI-879), a new cognition-enhancing agent. Article first published online: 5 OCT 2004. | |||||
REF 2 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 288). | |||||
REF 3 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
REF 4 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 013428. | |||||
REF 5 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 320). | |||||
REF 6 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 071295. | |||||
REF 7 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 297). | |||||
REF 8 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040518. | |||||
REF 9 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 086310. | |||||
REF 10 | Emerging drugs for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):293-313. | |||||
REF 11 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 010679. | |||||
REF 12 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7256). | |||||
REF 13 | Drug information of Oxyphencyclimine, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 14 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 305). | |||||
REF 15 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 020619. | |||||
REF 16 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7280). | |||||
REF 17 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009818. | |||||
REF 18 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009489. | |||||
REF 19 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7480). | |||||
REF 20 | 2004 approvals: the demise of the blockbuster. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Feb;4(2):93-4. | |||||
REF 21 | Trospium chloride: the European experience. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jul;7(10):1373-80. | |||||
REF 22 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 021595. | |||||
REF 23 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7354). | |||||
REF 24 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of GlaxoSmithKline. | |||||
REF 25 | The antiproliferative and antimetastatic compound L651582 inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated calcium influx and arachidonic acid release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991 Jun;257(3):967-71. | |||||
REF 26 | Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94. | |||||
REF 27 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800028438) | |||||
REF 28 | Benactyzine as an aid in treatment of anxiety states; preliminary report. Br Med J. 1957 Feb 9;1(5014):306-10. | |||||
REF 29 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001318) | |||||
REF 30 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800020170) | |||||
REF 31 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006686) | |||||
REF 32 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800016551) | |||||
REF 33 | The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):904-22. | |||||
REF 34 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000634) | |||||
REF 35 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800004989) | |||||
REF 36 | Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists. J Med Chem. 1993 Apr 2;36(7):842-7. | |||||
REF 37 | Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull World Health Organ. 1985;63(6):965-81. | |||||
REF 38 | Anisotropine methylbromide: a new antispasmodic for gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1963 May;5:213-8. | |||||
REF 39 | Additive protective effects of donepezil and nicotine against salsolinol-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotox Res. 2009 Oct;16(3):194-204. | |||||
REF 40 | Loss of M2 muscarinic receptor function inhibits development of hypoxic bradycardia and alters cardiac beta-adrenergic sensitivity in larval zebraf... Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):R412-20. | |||||
REF 41 | The effects of the antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in rat brain on urinary bladder contraction. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2002 Mar;93(3):427-34. | |||||
REF 42 | The muscarinic antagonists aprophen and benactyzine are noncompetitive inhibitors of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 1987 Nov;32(5):678-85. | |||||
REF 43 | Plasma level of atropine after accidental ingestion of Atropa belladonna. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Jul;47(6):602-4. | |||||
REF 44 | Loss of Ca-mediated ion transport during colitis correlates with reduced ion transport responses to a Ca-activated K channel opener. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;156(7):1085-97. | |||||
REF 45 | Morphine increases acetylcholine release in the trigeminal nuclear complex. Sleep. 2008 Dec 1;31(12):1629-37. | |||||
REF 46 | Postoperative analgesia induced by intrathecal neostigmine or bethanechol in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Jul;36(7):648-54. | |||||
REF 47 | Comparison of pharmacological effects of L- and DL-n-butyl-scopolamine in rat uterus. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1994;29(1):24-7. | |||||
REF 48 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 467). | |||||
REF 49 | Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77. | |||||
REF 50 | Scopolamine in Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae): defense, allocation, costs, and induced response. J Chem Ecol. 2007 Feb;33(2):297-309. | |||||
REF 51 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. | |||||
REF 52 | High spatial resolution studies of muscarinic neuroeffector junctions in mouse isolated vas deferens. Neuroscience. 2009 Sep 15;162(4):1366-76. | |||||
REF 53 | Classification of the presynaptic muscarinic receptor subtype that regulates 3H-acetylcholine secretion in the guinea pig urinary bladder in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Jul;274(1):458-68. | |||||
REF 54 | Brain pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins are involved in the flavoxate hydrochloride-induced suppression of the micturition reflex in rats. Brain Res. 1996 Jul 15;727(1-2):91-8. | |||||
REF 55 | Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. | |||||
REF 56 | Reconstitution of the purified porcine atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor with purified porcine atrial inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein. Biochemistry. 1987 Dec 15;26(25):8175-82. | |||||
REF 57 | Isolation of cholinergic active ingredients in aqueous extracts of Mareya micrantha using the longitudinal muscle of isolated guinea-pig ileum as a pharmacological activity marker. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Mar;45(3):215-22. | |||||
REF 58 | Anticholinergics for urinary symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD004193. | |||||
REF 59 | Stereoselective interaction of procyclidine, hexahydro-difenidol, hexbutinol and oxyphencyclimine, and of related antagonists, with four muscarinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Sep 1;227(1):33-42. | |||||
REF 60 | Retinoic acid prevents virus-induced airway hyperreactivity and M2 receptor dysfunction via anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):L340-6. | |||||
REF 61 | Muscarinic activation attenuates abnormal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein induced by cobalt chloride-mimetic hypoxia in retinal gangli... Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Jun 19;384(1):110-3. | |||||
REF 62 | Ligand binding properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes (m1-m5) expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Jul;274(1):378-84. | |||||
REF 63 | Protection against soman-induced seizures in rats: relationship among doses of prophylactics, soman, and adjuncts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 May 1;196(3):327-36. | |||||
REF 64 | Muscarinic cholinergic and histamine H1 receptor binding of phenothiazine drug metabolites. Life Sci. 1988;43(5):405-12. | |||||
REF 65 | Affinity profiles of various muscarinic antagonists for cloned human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes and mAChRs in rat heart and submandibular gland. Life Sci. 1999;64(25):2351-8. | |||||
REF 66 | Effect of anticholinergic agents upon acquired nystagmus: a double-blind study of trihexyphenidyl and tridihexethyl chloride. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1737-41. | |||||
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