Target Information

Target General Information

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Target ID

T79961 (Former ID: TTDI01755)

Target Name

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (CHRM5)

Synonyms

CHRM5

Gene Name

CHRM5

Target Type

Successful target

[1]

Disease

[+] 28 Target-related Diseases

Abnormal micturition [ICD-11: MF50]

Anterior uveitis [ICD-11: 9A96]

Appearance/behaviour symptom [ICD-11: MB23]

Asthma [ICD-11: CA23]

Brain disease [ICD-11: 8C70-8E61]

Central and peripheral nervous disease [ICD-11: 8A04-8E7Z]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22]

Cognition symptoms/signs/clinical sympton [ICD-11: MB21]

Cough [ICD-11: MD12]

Digestive system disease [ICD-11: DE2Z]

Female pelvic pain [ICD-11: GA34]

Functional bladder disorder [ICD-11: GC50]

Gastritis [ICD-11: DA42]

General examination [ICD-11: QA00]

Glaucoma [ICD-11: 9C61]

Hypertension [ICD-11: BA00-BA04]

Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [ICD-11: 1A40]

Irritable bowel syndrome [ICD-11: DD91]

Nystagmus [ICD-11: 9C84]

Oesophagus motility disorder [ICD-11: DA21]

Pain [ICD-11: MG30-MG3Z]

Pancreatitis [ICD-11: DC31-DC34]

Parkinsonism [ICD-11: 8A00]

Peptic ulcer [ICD-11: DA61]

Polyuria [ICD-11: MF55]

Tonus and reflex abnormality [ICD-11: MB47]

Unspecific substance harmful effect [ICD-11: NE6Z]

Urgency [ICD-11: N.A.]

Function

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.

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BioChemical Class

GPCR rhodopsin

UniProt ID

ACM5_HUMAN

Sequence

MEGDSYHNATTVNGTPVNHQPLERHRLWEVITIAAVTAVVSLITIVGNVLVMISFKVNSQ
LKTVNNYYLLSLACADLIIGIFSMNLYTTYILMGRWALGSLACDLWLALDYVASNASVMN
LLVISFDRYFSITRPLTYRAKRTPKRAGIMIGLAWLISFILWAPAILCWQYLVGKRTVPL
DECQIQFLSEPTITFGTAIAAFYIPVSVMTILYCRIYRETEKRTKDLADLQGSDSVTKAE
KRKPAHRALFRSCLRCPRPTLAQRERNQASWSSSRRSTSTTGKPSQATGPSANWAKAEQL
TTCSSYPSSEDEDKPATDPVLQVVYKSQGKESPGEEFSAEETEETFVKAETEKSDYDTPN
YLLSPAAAHRPKSQKCVAYKFRLVVKADGNQETNNGCHKVKIMPCPFPVAKEPSTKGLNP
NPSHQMTKRKRVVLVKERKAAQTLSAILLAFIITWTPYNIMVLVSTFCDKCVPVTLWHLG
YWLCYVNSTVNPICYALCNRTFRKTFKMLLLCRWKKKKVEEKLYWQGNSKLP

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3D Structure

Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target

AlphaFold

Drugs and Modes of Action

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Approved Drug(s)

[+] 31 Approved Drugs

ACECLIDINE

Drug Info

Approved

Glaucoma/ocular hypertension

[2], [3]

Anisodine

Drug Info

Approved

Central and peripheral nervous disease

[3]

Anisotropine Methylbromide

Drug Info

Approved

Peptic ulcer

[3], [4]

Atropine

Drug Info

Approved

Organophosphate poisoning

[5], [6]

Belladonna

Drug Info

Approved

Colitis

[3]

Bethanechol

Drug Info

Approved

Urinary retention

[7], [8]

Butylscopolamine

Drug Info

Approved

Dysmenorrhea

[3]

Choline alfoscerate

Drug Info

Approved

Amnesia

[3]

Cimetropium bromide

Drug Info

Approved

Spasm

[3]

Cryptenamine Acetates

Drug Info

Approved

Hypertension

[3]

Cyclopentolate

Drug Info

Approved

Examination of eyes or vision

[3]

Emepronium

Drug Info

Approved

Urinary incontinence

[3]

Flavoxate

Drug Info

Approved

Suprapubic pain

[3]

Flutropium bromide

Drug Info

Approved

Cough

[3]

Homatropine Methylbromide

Drug Info

Approved

Uveitis

[3], [9]

Hyoscyamine

Drug Info

Approved

Gastrointestinal disease

[10]

Ispaghula

Drug Info

Approved

Irritable bowel syndrome

[10]

Mebeverine

Drug Info

Approved

Irritable bowel syndrome

[10]

Mepenzolate

Drug Info

Approved

Gastrointestinal disease

[3], [11]

Methantheline

Drug Info

Approved

Gastritis

[3]

Oxitropium bromide

Drug Info

Approved

Asthma

[3]

Oxyphencyclimine

Drug Info

Approved

Peptic ulcer

[3], [12], [13]

Pilocarpine

Drug Info

Approved

Glaucoma/ocular hypertension

[14], [15]

Prifinium

Drug Info

Approved

Irritable bowel syndrome

[3]

Procyclidine

Drug Info

Approved

Parkinson disease

[16], [17]

Promazine

Drug Info

Approved

Psychomotor agitation

[3]

Propiverine

Drug Info

Approved

Urinary incontinence

[3]

Tridihexethyl

Drug Info

Approved

Acquired nystagmus

[18]

Trospium

Drug Info

Approved

Spasm

[3], [19], [20], [21], [22]

Umeclidinium

Drug Info

Approved

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

[23], [24]

Pramiracetam

Drug Info

Approved (orphan drug)

Brain disease

[3]

Clinical Trial Drug(s)

[+] 4 Clinical Trial Drugs

L-651582

Drug Info

Phase 3

Solid tumour/cancer

[25]

OrM3

Drug Info

Phase 2b

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

[26]

GSK233705

Drug Info

Phase 2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

[26]

Dexpirronium

Drug Info

Phase 1

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

[27]

Discontinued Drug(s)

[+] 7 Discontinued Drugs

Benactyzine

Drug Info

Withdrawn from market

Depression

[28]

BMS-181168

Drug Info

Discontinued in Phase 2

Cognitive impairment

[29]

DDP-200

Drug Info

Discontinued in Phase 2

Urinary incontinence

[30]

FK-584

Drug Info

Discontinued in Phase 2

Central and peripheral nervous disease

[31]

AM-831

Drug Info

Discontinued in Phase 1

Schizophrenia

[32]

RS 86

Drug Info

Terminated

Alzheimer disease

[34]

SU-740

Drug Info

Terminated

Stomach ulcer

[35]

Preclinical Drug(s)

[+] 1 Preclinical Drugs

Org-23366

Drug Info

Preclinical

Schizophrenia

[33]

Mode of Action

[+] 6 Modes of Action

Inhibitor

[+] 30 Inhibitor drugs

ACECLIDINE

Drug Info

[36]

1'-Benzyl-3-phenyl-[3,4']bipiperidinyl-2,6-dione

Drug Info

[73]

1-Methyl-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-but-2-ynyl)-urea

Drug Info

[74]

2,8-Dimethyl-1-oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one

Drug Info

[75]

2-Methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hex-4-ynal oxime

Drug Info

[76]

3-(3-benzylamino)-piperidin-2-one

Drug Info

[77]

3-Methyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one

Drug Info

[76]

3-Tetrazol-2-yl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane

Drug Info

[78]

4-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-o-tolylbutan-1-one

Drug Info

[79]

6-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-hex-4-ynal oxime

Drug Info

[76]

7-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-hept-5-yn-2-one

Drug Info

[76]

7-Dimethylamino-hept-5-yn-2-one

Drug Info

[76]

7-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one

Drug Info

[76]

Acetic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester

Drug Info

[81]

Benzoic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester

Drug Info

[81]

BRL-55473

Drug Info

[83]

Cremastrine

Drug Info

[84]

FLUMEZAPINE

Drug Info

[85]

FM1-10

Drug Info

[86]

FM1-43

Drug Info

[86]

GNF-PF-5618

Drug Info

[87]

ISOCLOZAPINE

Drug Info

[88]

ISOLOXAPINE

Drug Info

[89]

N-(4-Dimethylamino-but-2-ynyl)-N-methyl-acetamide

Drug Info

[76]

N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl chloride

Drug Info

[83]

N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl fluoride

Drug Info

[83]

PF-3409409

Drug Info

[91]

SULFOARECOLINE

Drug Info

[92]

VU0119498

Drug Info

[93]

VU0238429

Drug Info

[93]

Modulator

[+] 21 Modulator drugs

Anisodine

Drug Info

[37]

Belladonna

Drug Info

[43], [3]

Butylscopolamine

Drug Info

[47], [3]

Choline alfoscerate

Drug Info

[48]

Cimetropium bromide

Drug Info

[49], [50]

Cryptenamine Acetates

Drug Info

[51]

Emepronium

Drug Info

[53], [3]

Flutropium bromide

Drug Info

[49]

Oxitropium bromide

Drug Info

[49]

Pramiracetam

Drug Info

[1], [3]

Prifinium

Drug Info

[62], [3]

Umeclidinium

Drug Info

[23]

L-651582

Drug Info

[25]

BMS-181168

Drug Info

[67]

DDP-200

Drug Info

[68]

FK-584

Drug Info

[69]

SU-740

Drug Info

[72]

BHT-3034

Drug Info

[48]

CRTX-070

Drug Info

[48]

JWB-1-84-1

Drug Info

[48]

Recombinant botulinum toxin

Drug Info

[48]

Binder

[+] 4 Binder drugs

Anisotropine Methylbromide

Drug Info

[38]

Oxyphencyclimine

Drug Info

[59]

Promazine

Drug Info

[64]

Tridihexethyl

Drug Info

[66]

Antagonist

[+] 21 Antagonist drugs

Atropine

Drug Info

[39], [40], [41], [42]

Cyclopentolate

Drug Info

[52]

Flavoxate

Drug Info

[54]

Homatropine Methylbromide

Drug Info

[55]

Hyoscyamine

Drug Info

[56]

Ispaghula

Drug Info

[10]

Mebeverine

Drug Info

[10]

Mepenzolate

Drug Info

[57]

Methantheline

Drug Info

[58]

Procyclidine

Drug Info

[63]

Propiverine

Drug Info

[65], [3]

Trospium

Drug Info

[55]

OrM3

Drug Info

[26]

GSK233705

Drug Info

[26]

Dexpirronium

Drug Info

[48]

Benactyzine

Drug Info

[42]

Org-23366

Drug Info

[33]

alpha-conotoxin AuIB

Drug Info

[48]

alpha-conotoxin GI

Drug Info

[48]

alpha-conotoxin PnIA

Drug Info

[48]

Aprophen

Drug Info

[42], [82]

Agonist

[+] 7 Agonist drugs

Bethanechol

Drug Info

[44], [45], [46]

Pilocarpine

Drug Info

[60], [61]

AM-831

Drug Info

[70]

RS 86

Drug Info

[71]

Muscarine

Drug Info

[41]

[125I]epibatidine

Drug Info

[48]

[3H]cytisine

Drug Info

[48]

Blocker (channel blocker)

[+] 2 Blocker (channel blocker) drugs

A-867744

Drug Info

[80]

NS1738

Drug Info

[90]

Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target

Top

Drug Property Profile of Target

Top

(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering

(2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering

(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering

(4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering

(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering

(6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering

"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five

Co-Targets

Top

Co-Targets

Co-Targets Info

Target Poor or Non Binders

Top

Target Poor or Non Binders

Target Poor or Non Binders Info

Target Affiliated Biological Pathways

Top

KEGG Pathway

[+] 4 KEGG Pathways

Calcium signaling pathway

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

Cholinergic synapse

Regulation of actin cytoskeleton

Panther Pathway

[+] 2 Panther Pathways

Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway

Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gq alpha and Go alpha mediated pathway

Reactome

[+] 5 Reactome Pathways

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

G alpha (q) signalling events

Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion

Highly sodium permeable acetylcholine nicotinic receptors

Highly calcium permeable postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

WikiPathways

[+] 8 WikiPathways

Monoamine GPCRs

Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell

Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton

GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like

Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK

GPCR ligand binding

GPCR downstream signaling

Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell

References

Top

REF 1

Some neurochemical properties of pramiracetam (CI-879), a new cognition-enhancing agent. Article first published online: 5 OCT 2004.

REF 2

URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 288).

REF 3

Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015

REF 4

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 013428.

REF 5

REF 6

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 071295.

REF 7

REF 8

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040518.

REF 9

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 086310.

REF 10

Emerging drugs for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):293-313.

REF 11

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 010679.

REF 12

REF 13

Drug information of Oxyphencyclimine, 2008. eduDrugs.

REF 14

REF 15

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 020619.

REF 16

REF 17

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009818.

REF 18

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009489.

REF 19

REF 20

2004 approvals: the demise of the blockbuster. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Feb;4(2):93-4.

REF 21

Trospium chloride: the European experience. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jul;7(10):1373-80.

REF 22

FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 021595.

REF 23

REF 24

Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of GlaxoSmithKline.

REF 25

The antiproliferative and antimetastatic compound L651582 inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated calcium influx and arachidonic acid release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991 Jun;257(3):967-71.

REF 26

Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94.

REF 27

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800028438)

REF 28

Benactyzine as an aid in treatment of anxiety states; preliminary report. Br Med J. 1957 Feb 9;1(5014):306-10.

REF 29

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001318)

REF 30

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800020170)

REF 31

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006686)

REF 32

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800016551)

REF 33

The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):904-22.

REF 34

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000634)

REF 35

Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800004989)

REF 36

Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists. J Med Chem. 1993 Apr 2;36(7):842-7.

REF 37

Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull World Health Organ. 1985;63(6):965-81.

REF 38

Anisotropine methylbromide: a new antispasmodic for gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1963 May;5:213-8.

REF 39

Additive protective effects of donepezil and nicotine against salsolinol-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotox Res. 2009 Oct;16(3):194-204.

REF 40

Loss of M2 muscarinic receptor function inhibits development of hypoxic bradycardia and alters cardiac beta-adrenergic sensitivity in larval zebraf... Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):R412-20.

REF 41

The effects of the antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in rat brain on urinary bladder contraction. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2002 Mar;93(3):427-34.

REF 42

The muscarinic antagonists aprophen and benactyzine are noncompetitive inhibitors of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 1987 Nov;32(5):678-85.

REF 43

Plasma level of atropine after accidental ingestion of Atropa belladonna. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Jul;47(6):602-4.

REF 44

Loss of Ca-mediated ion transport during colitis correlates with reduced ion transport responses to a Ca-activated K channel opener. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;156(7):1085-97.

REF 45

Morphine increases acetylcholine release in the trigeminal nuclear complex. Sleep. 2008 Dec 1;31(12):1629-37.

REF 46

Postoperative analgesia induced by intrathecal neostigmine or bethanechol in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Jul;36(7):648-54.

REF 47

Comparison of pharmacological effects of L- and DL-n-butyl-scopolamine in rat uterus. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1994;29(1):24-7.

REF 48

REF 49

Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.

REF 50

Scopolamine in Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae): defense, allocation, costs, and induced response. J Chem Ecol. 2007 Feb;33(2):297-309.

REF 51

Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.

REF 52

High spatial resolution studies of muscarinic neuroeffector junctions in mouse isolated vas deferens. Neuroscience. 2009 Sep 15;162(4):1366-76.

REF 53

Classification of the presynaptic muscarinic receptor subtype that regulates 3H-acetylcholine secretion in the guinea pig urinary bladder in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Jul;274(1):458-68.

REF 54

Brain pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins are involved in the flavoxate hydrochloride-induced suppression of the micturition reflex in rats. Brain Res. 1996 Jul 15;727(1-2):91-8.

REF 55

Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34.

REF 56

Reconstitution of the purified porcine atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor with purified porcine atrial inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein. Biochemistry. 1987 Dec 15;26(25):8175-82.

REF 57

Isolation of cholinergic active ingredients in aqueous extracts of Mareya micrantha using the longitudinal muscle of isolated guinea-pig ileum as a pharmacological activity marker. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Mar;45(3):215-22.

REF 58

Anticholinergics for urinary symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD004193.

REF 59

Stereoselective interaction of procyclidine, hexahydro-difenidol, hexbutinol and oxyphencyclimine, and of related antagonists, with four muscarinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Sep 1;227(1):33-42.

REF 60

Retinoic acid prevents virus-induced airway hyperreactivity and M2 receptor dysfunction via anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):L340-6.

REF 61

Muscarinic activation attenuates abnormal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein induced by cobalt chloride-mimetic hypoxia in retinal gangli... Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Jun 19;384(1):110-3.

REF 62

Ligand binding properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes (m1-m5) expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Jul;274(1):378-84.

REF 63

Protection against soman-induced seizures in rats: relationship among doses of prophylactics, soman, and adjuncts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 May 1;196(3):327-36.

REF 64

Muscarinic cholinergic and histamine H1 receptor binding of phenothiazine drug metabolites. Life Sci. 1988;43(5):405-12.

REF 65

Affinity profiles of various muscarinic antagonists for cloned human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes and mAChRs in rat heart and submandibular gland. Life Sci. 1999;64(25):2351-8.

REF 66

Effect of anticholinergic agents upon acquired nystagmus: a double-blind study of trihexyphenidyl and tridihexethyl chloride. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1737-41.

REF 67

Efficacy and safety of BMY 21,502 in Alzheimer disease. Ann Pharmacother. 1996 Dec;30(12):1376-80.

REF 68

CA patent application no. 753057, Sustained release oral dosage forms of an r-baclofen prodrug.

REF 69

US patent application no. 2005,0261,328, Pharmaceutical composition comprising beta-3-adrenoceptor-agonists and antimuscarinic agents.

REF 70

Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Avarx.

REF 71

The pharmacological assessment of RS 86 (2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro-[4,5]-decan-1,3-dion hydrobromide). A potent, specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1986 Jun 5;125(1):45-62.

REF 72

SU-840, a novel synthetic flavonoid derivative of sophoradin, with potent gastroprotective and ulcer healing activity. Journal of physiology and pharmacology. 49:1 1998 Mar pg 83-98

REF 73

Synthesis and biological evaluation of [125I]- and [123I]-4-iododexetimide, a potent muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. J Med Chem. 1989 May;32(5):1057-62.

REF 74

Urea and 2-imidazolidone derivatives of the muscarinic agents oxotremorine and N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide. J Med Chem. 1992 Aug 21;35(17):3270-9.

REF 75

Synthesis and modeling studies of a potent conformationally rigid muscarinic agonist: 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanespirofuranone. J Med Chem. 1998 Oct 22;41(22):4181-5.

REF 76

Cholinergic agents: aldehyde, ketone, and oxime analogues of the muscarinic agonist UH5, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2(8):803-808 (1992).

REF 77

Designing active template molecules by combining computational de novo design and human chemist's expertise. J Med Chem. 2007 Apr 19;50(8):1925-32.

REF 78

Synthesis and muscarinic activities of quinuclidin-3-yltriazole and -tetrazole derivatives. J Med Chem. 1992 Apr 3;35(7):1280-90.

REF 79

Discovery of N-{1-[3-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2-phenylacetamide (Lu AE51090): an allosteric muscarinic M1 rec... J Med Chem. 2010 Sep 9;53(17):6386-97.

REF 80

In vitro pharmacological characterization of a novel allosteric modulator of alpha 7 neuronal acetylcholine receptor, 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methy... J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Jul;330(1):257-67.

REF 81

6beta-Acyloxy(nor)tropanes: affinities for antagonist/agonist binding sites on transfected and native muscarinic receptors. J Med Chem. 2000 Jun 29;43(13):2514-22.

REF 82

M1 muscarinic antagonists interact with sigma recognition sites. Life Sci. 1991;49(17):1229-35.

REF 83

A novel and selective class of azabicyclic muscarinic agonists incorporating an N-methoxy imidoyl halide or nitrile functionality, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2(8):791-796 (1992).

REF 84

Cremastrine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Cremastra appendiculata. J Nat Prod. 2005 Apr;68(4):572-3.

REF 85

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of 4-piperazinylpyrazolo[3,4-b]- and -[4,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepines as potential anxiolytics. J Med Chem. 1989 Dec;32(12):2573-82.

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