Target Information
Target General Infomation | |||||
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Target ID |
T26623
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Former ID |
TTDS00115
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Target Name |
Aldose reductase
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Gene Name |
AKR1B1
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Synonyms |
AR; Aldehyde reductase; AKR1B1
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Target Type |
Successful
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Disease | Diabetic complication [ICD10: E08-E13] | ||||
Diabetic cataract [ICD10: E10.36, E11.36] | |||||
Diabetic neuropathy [ICD9: 250, 250.6, 356.0, 356.8; ICD10: E11.40] | |||||
Diabetes [ICD9: 253.5, 588.1; ICD10: E23.2, N25.1] | |||||
Glaucoma [ICD9: 365; ICD10: H40-H42] | |||||
Gout [ICD9: 274.00274.1274.8274.9; ICD10: M10] | |||||
Head and neck cancer [ICD9: 140-149, 140-229; ICD10: C07-C14, C32-C33] | |||||
Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD9: 710-719, 714; ICD10: M05-M06] | |||||
Function |
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
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BioChemical Class |
Short-chain dehydrogenases reductases
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Target Validation |
T26623
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UniProt ID | |||||
EC Number |
EC 1.1.1.21
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Sequence |
MASRLLLNNGAKMPILGLGTWKSPPGQVTEAVKVAIDVGYRHIDCAHVYQNENEVGVAIQ
EKLREQVVKREELFIVSKLWCTYHEKGLVKGACQKTLSDLKLDYLDLYLIHWPTGFKPGK EFFPLDESGNVVPSDTNILDTWAAMEELVDEGLVKAIGISNFNHLQVEMILNKPGLKYKP AVNQIECHPYLTQEKLIQYCQSKGIVVTAYSPLGSPDRPWAKPEDPSLLEDPRIKAIAAK HNKTTAQVLIRFPMQRNLVVIPKSVTPERIAENFKVFDFELSSQDMTTLLSYNRNWRVCA LLSCTSHKDYPFHEEF |
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Drugs and Mode of Action | |||||
Drug(s) | Epalrestat | Drug Info | Approved | Diabetic neuropathy | [536361] |
Sulindac | Drug Info | Approved | Rheumatoid arthritis | [536772], [540828] | |
Fidarestat | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Diabetes | [532182] | |
Ranirestat | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Diabetic neuropathy | [521626] | |
ADMVA | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Diabetes | [521758], [530668] | |
LIDORESTAT | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Diabetic complication | [521528], [542435] | |
M-16209 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Diabetes | [544516] | |
QR-333 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Diabetic neuropathy | [522174] | |
T2c-003 | Drug Info | Phase 1/2 | Diabetic neuropathy | [548845] | |
ALO-1567 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Glaucoma | [530034] | |
ARI-809 | Drug Info | Preclinical | Diabetes | [549081] | |
Tolrestat | Drug Info | Withdrawn from market | Diabetic cataract | [534401], [542427] | |
IMIRESTAT | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Diabetes | [544515] | |
MINALRESTAT | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Diabetes | [545360] | |
Ponalrestat | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Gout | [544513] | |
AD-5467 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Diabetes | [544842] | |
Alrestatin | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Discovery agent | [545678] | |
CTL-102-GDEPT | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Head and neck cancer | [546958] | |
JTT-811 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Diabetic complication | [547576] | |
ZOPOLRESTAT | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Diabetic complication | [542443], [544806] | |
E-0722 | Drug Info | Terminated | Diabetic cataract | [545784] | |
FR-62765 | Drug Info | Terminated | Diabetes | [529820] | |
Sorbinil | Drug Info | Terminated | Diabetic cataract | [542439], [544510] | |
SPR-210 | Drug Info | Terminated | Diabetic complication | [545343] | |
WF-2421 | Drug Info | Terminated | Diabetes | [529812] | |
Zenarestat | Drug Info | Terminated | Diabetic neuropathy | [542442], [544507] | |
Inhibitor | (4-Methyl-2-oxo-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-acetic acid | Drug Info | [533420] | ||
(6-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-acetic acid | Drug Info | [533420] | |||
(6-Methoxy-2-oxo-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-acetic acid | Drug Info | [533420] | |||
(8-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-acetic acid | Drug Info | [533420] | |||
2'-Monophosphoadenosine 5'-Diphosphoribose | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
2,3-dihydroxypropanal | Drug Info | [529225] | |||
2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-benzyl)-7-hydroxy-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-7-hydroxy-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
2-(3-benzoyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetic acid | Drug Info | [530758] | |||
2-(4-aminophenylsulfonamido)acetic acid | Drug Info | [529308] | |||
2-(Phenylsulfonamido)acetic Acid | Drug Info | [531207] | |||
2-Benzhydryl-7-hydroxy-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
2-Benzyl-7-hydroxy-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid | Drug Info | [529899] | |||
3-(3-Benzoyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propanoic acid | Drug Info | [530758] | |||
3-[5-(3-nitrophenyl)thiophen-2-yl]propanoic acid | Drug Info | [551374] | |||
4-(3-Benzoyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid | Drug Info | [530758] | |||
4-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-isoxazolidine-3,5-dione | Drug Info | [533567] | |||
6,7-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
6-(1H-Indole-2-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(2-Bromo-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(2-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(2-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(3-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(4-Bromo-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(4-Methoxy-benzenesulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(Benzofuran-2-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(Benzothiazole-2-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(Biphenyl-2-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(Naphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(Naphthalene-2-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-(Toluene-4-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-Benzenesulfonyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
6-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
6-methoxykaempferol 3-O-beta-D-robinobioside | Drug Info | [533553] | |||
6-Phenylmethanesulfonyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one | Drug Info | [527771] | |||
7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
7-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
7-Hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin | Drug Info | [531138] | |||
7-Hydroxy-6-nitro-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
AD-5467 | Drug Info | [531314], [551871] | |||
AK198 | Drug Info | [533225] | |||
ALO-1567 | Drug Info | [530034], [551871] | |||
Alpha-D-Glucose-6-Phosphate | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
Alrestatin | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
APIGENIN | Drug Info | [529340] | |||
Apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide | Drug Info | [529340] | |||
Apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide methyl ester | Drug Info | [529340] | |||
ARI-809 | Drug Info | [528451] | |||
ASTRAGALIN | Drug Info | [529340] | |||
CHRYSIN | Drug Info | [530856] | |||
CONTIGOSIDE B | Drug Info | [534149] | |||
DIADZEIN | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
Epalrestat | Drug Info | [535244], [537989] | |||
EPALRESTATE | Drug Info | [529340] | |||
Fidarestat | Drug Info | [535270], [538074] | |||
Fidarestat(Stereoisomer) | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
IDD552 | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
IDD594 | Drug Info | [551374] | |||
IMIRESTAT | Drug Info | [530231] | |||
Inhibitor Idd 384 | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
Isorhamnetin 3,7-disulfate | Drug Info | [534149] | |||
Isorhamnetin 3-O-rhamnoside | Drug Info | [526409] | |||
JTT-811 | Drug Info | [543707] | |||
KAEMPFEROL | Drug Info | [529340] | |||
LIDORESTAT | Drug Info | [527533] | |||
M-16209 | Drug Info | [529323], [551871] | |||
MANGIFERIN | Drug Info | [526834] | |||
N-Acetylalanine | Drug Info | [551393] | |||
NSC-94258 | Drug Info | [525506] | |||
O5-Acetyl-O7-nitrooxyethyl chrysin | Drug Info | [530856] | |||
O7-Nitrooxyethyl chrysin | Drug Info | [530856] | |||
PALBINONE | Drug Info | [530306] | |||
Patuletin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside | Drug Info | [533553] | |||
Patuletin 3-O-beta-D-robinobioside | Drug Info | [533553] | |||
Ponalrestat | Drug Info | [534948] | |||
QR-333 | Drug Info | [527695] | |||
Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside | Drug Info | [526409] | |||
QUERCITRIN | Drug Info | [529340] | |||
Ranirestat | Drug Info | [543707] | |||
Sorbinil | Drug Info | [536032], [537789] | |||
SPR-210 | Drug Info | [537904] | |||
Sulindac | Drug Info | [537804], [537805] | |||
Tamarixetin 3-glucoside-7-sulfate | Drug Info | [534149] | |||
TINGENIN B | Drug Info | [526834] | |||
TINGENONE | Drug Info | [526834] | |||
Tolrestat | Drug Info | [537927] | |||
TRIPTOCALLINE A | Drug Info | [526834] | |||
Zenarestat | Drug Info | [535187] | |||
Modulator | BNV-222 | Drug Info | [543707] | ||
CTL-102-GDEPT | Drug Info | [549941] | |||
E-0722 | Drug Info | [533052] | |||
FR-62765 | Drug Info | [529820] | |||
MINALRESTAT | Drug Info | ||||
T2c-003 | Drug Info | [543707] | |||
WF-2421 | Drug Info | [529812] | |||
ZOPOLRESTAT | Drug Info | ||||
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM) | |||||
TEP | EXP Info | ||||
Pathways | |||||
BioCyc Pathway | Methylglyoxal degradation III | ||||
Acetone degradation I (to methylglyoxal) | |||||
KEGG Pathway | Pentose and glucuronate interconversions | ||||
Fructose and mannose metabolism | |||||
Galactose metabolism | |||||
Glycerolipid metabolism | |||||
Metabolic pathways | |||||
NetPath Pathway | IL1 Signaling Pathway | ||||
TGF_beta_Receptor Signaling Pathway | |||||
PathWhiz Pathway | Fructose and Mannose Degradation | ||||
Pyruvate Metabolism | |||||
Pterine Biosynthesis | |||||
Glycerolipid Metabolism | |||||
Galactose Metabolism | |||||
WikiPathways | Metapathway biotransformation | ||||
Polyol Pathway | |||||
Metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamin D | |||||
References | |||||
Ref 521528 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00043797) Lidorestat (IDD 676) for the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 521626 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00101426) Safety and Efficacy of AS-3201 in the Treatment of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 521758 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00252148) Safety and Immunogenicity of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) HIV Vaccine in HIV Uninfected Adults. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 522174 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00568035) Safety and Efficacy Study of QR-333 in Patient's With Symptomatic Diabetic Neuropathy. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 529812 | WF-2421, a new aldose reductase inhibitor produced from a fungus, Humicola grisea. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1991 Feb;44(2):130-5. | ||||
Ref 529820 | Studies on WF-3681, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor. IV. Effect of FR-62765, a derivative of WF-3681, on the diabetic neuropathy in rats. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1991 Apr;44(4):441-4. | ||||
Ref 530034 | Metabolism of the aldose reductase inhibitor ALO1567 in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Aug;32(2):221-7. | ||||
Ref 530668 | Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity evaluation of ADMVA, a multigenic, modified vaccinia Ankara-HIV-1 B'/C candidate vaccine. PLoS One. 2010 Jan 25;5(1):e8816. | ||||
Ref 532182 | X-ray structure of the V301L aldo-keto reductase 1B10 complexed with NADP(+) and the potent aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat: implications for inhibitor binding and selectivity. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Feb 25;202(1-3):178-85. | ||||
Ref 534401 | Effect of tolrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on neutrophil respiratory burst activity in diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1997 Jun;46(6):634-8. | ||||
Ref 536361 | Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77. Epub 2007 Feb 20. | ||||
Ref 536772 | New drugs in development for the treatment of endometriosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Aug;17(8):1187-202. | ||||
Ref 540828 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5425). | ||||
Ref 542427 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7404). | ||||
Ref 542435 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7411). | ||||
Ref 542439 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7415). | ||||
Ref 542442 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7418). | ||||
Ref 542443 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7419). | ||||
Ref 544507 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000004) | ||||
Ref 544510 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000008) | ||||
Ref 544513 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000017) | ||||
Ref 544515 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000020) | ||||
Ref 544516 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000031) | ||||
Ref 544806 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001173) | ||||
Ref 544842 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001300) | ||||
Ref 545343 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800002923) | ||||
Ref 545360 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003006) | ||||
Ref 545678 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800004143) | ||||
Ref 545784 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800004685) | ||||
Ref 546958 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800011583) | ||||
Ref 547576 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800017463) | ||||
Ref 525506 | J Med Chem. 1999 Jun 3;42(11):1881-93.1-Benzopyran-4-one antioxidants as aldose reductase inhibitors. | ||||
Ref 526409 | J Nat Prod. 2002 Aug;65(8):1151-5.New flavonol oligoglycosides and polyacylated sucroses with inhibitory effects on aldose reductase and platelet aggregation from the flowers of Prunus mume. | ||||
Ref 526834 | J Nat Prod. 2003 Sep;66(9):1191-6.Structures of new friedelane-type triterpenes and eudesmane-type sesquiterpene and aldose reductase inhibitors from Salacia chinensis. | ||||
Ref 527533 | J Med Chem. 2005 May 5;48(9):3141-52.Discovery of 3-[(4,5,7-trifluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]indole-N-acetic acid (lidorestat) and congeners as highly potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase for treatment of chronic diabetic complications. | ||||
Ref 527695 | A multicenter, double-blind, safety study of QR-333 for the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A preliminary report. J Diabetes Complications. 2005 Sep-Oct;19(5):247-53. | ||||
Ref 527771 | J Med Chem. 2005 Oct 6;48(20):6326-39.A novel series of non-carboxylic acid, non-hydantoin inhibitors of aldose reductase with potent oral activity in diabetic rat models: 6-(5-chloro-3-methylbenzofuran-2-sulfonyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one and congeners. | ||||
Ref 528451 | A selective aldose reductase inhibitor of a new structural class prevents or reverses early retinal abnormalities in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes. 2006 Oct;55(10):2757-62. | ||||
Ref 529225 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20764-9. Epub 2007 Dec 17.Structural basis for the high all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase activity of the tumor marker AKR1B10. | ||||
Ref 529308 | Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Apr 1;16(7):3926-32. Epub 2008 Jan 30.Design and synthesis of N-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfonamides as aldose reductase inhibitors. | ||||
Ref 529323 | Effects of novel aldose reductase inhibitors, M16209 and M16287, on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Feb 7;193(2):185-91. | ||||
Ref 529340 | J Nat Prod. 2008 Apr;71(4):713-5. Epub 2008 Feb 26.Erigeroflavanone, a flavanone derivative from the flowers of Erigeron annuus with protein glycation and aldose reductase inhibitory activity. | ||||
Ref 529812 | WF-2421, a new aldose reductase inhibitor produced from a fungus, Humicola grisea. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1991 Feb;44(2):130-5. | ||||
Ref 529820 | Studies on WF-3681, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor. IV. Effect of FR-62765, a derivative of WF-3681, on the diabetic neuropathy in rats. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1991 Apr;44(4):441-4. | ||||
Ref 529899 | Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Feb 1;17(3):1244-50. Epub 2008 Dec 24.Correlation of binding constants and molecular modelling of inhibitors in the active sites of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase. | ||||
Ref 530034 | Metabolism of the aldose reductase inhibitor ALO1567 in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Aug;32(2):221-7. | ||||
Ref 530231 | J Med Chem. 1991 Nov;34(11):3229-34.Spiro[fluoreneisothiazolidin]one dioxides: new aldose reductase and L-hexonate dehydrogenase inhibitors. | ||||
Ref 530306 | J Nat Prod. 2009 Aug;72(8):1465-70.Inhibitors of aldose reductase and formation of advanced glycation end-products in moutan cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa). | ||||
Ref 530758 | Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Mar 15;18(6):2107-14. Epub 2010 Feb 11.Design and synthesis of novel series of pyrrole based chemotypes and their evaluation as selective aldose reductase inhibitors. A case ofbioisosterism between a carboxylic acid moiety and that of a tetrazole. | ||||
Ref 530856 | Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 May 1;18(9):3020-5. Epub 2010 Mar 27.Synthesis, characterization and vasculoprotective effects of nitric oxide-donating derivatives of chrysin. | ||||
Ref 531138 | Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Oct 1;20(19):5630-3. Epub 2010 Aug 12.6,7-Dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin as inhibitor of aldose reductase 2. | ||||
Ref 531207 | J Med Chem. 2010 Nov 11;53(21):7756-66.A diverse series of substituted benzenesulfonamides as aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity: design, synthesis, and in vitro activity. | ||||
Ref 531314 | Studies on antidiabetic agents. IX. A new aldose reductase inhibitor, AD-5467, and related 1,4-benzoxazine and 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives: synthesis and biological activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1990 May;38(5):1238-45. | ||||
Ref 533052 | Aldose reductase inhibitors and prevention of galactose cataracts in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989 Jul;30(7):1623-32. | ||||
Ref 533225 | The Effect of Halogen-to-Hydrogen Bond Substitution on Human Aldose Reductase Inhibition. ACS Chem Biol. 2015 Jul 17;10(7):1637-42. | ||||
Ref 533420 | J Med Chem. 1986 Oct;29(10):2024-8.Synthesis and aldose reductase inhibitory activity of substituted 2-oxoquinoline-1-acetic acid derivatives. | ||||
Ref 533553 | J Nat Prod. 1984 Mar-Apr;47(2):316-9.Flavonoids with anti-cataract activity from Brickellia arguta. | ||||
Ref 533567 | J Med Chem. 1982 Jun;25(6):745-7.Isoxazolidine-3,5-diones as lens aldose reductase inhibitors. | ||||
Ref 534149 | J Nat Prod. 1996 Apr;59(4):443-5.Effect of Polygonum hydropiper sulfated flavonoids on lens aldose reductase and related enzymes. | ||||
Ref 534948 | Ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, inhibits cachexia syndrome induced by colon26 adenocarcinoma in mice. Anticancer Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5B):4105-11. | ||||
Ref 535187 | The effects of zenarestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on minimal F-wave latency and nerve blood flow in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci. 2001 Feb 9;68(12):1439-48. | ||||
Ref 535244 | Long-term effect of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on the development of incipient diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications. 2001 Sep-Oct;15(5):241-4. | ||||
Ref 535270 | Clinical efficacy of fidarestat, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a 52-week multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind parallel group study. Diabetes Care. 2001 Oct;24(10):1776-82. | ||||
Ref 536032 | Recent clinical experience with aldose reductase inhibitors. J Diabetes Complications. 1992 Jan-Mar;6(1):39-44. | ||||
Ref 537789 | A controlled trial of sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, in chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes. 1983 Oct;32(10):938-42. | ||||
Ref 537804 | Inhibition of human lens aldose reductase by flavonoids, sulindac and indomethacin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Jul 1;32(13):1995-8. | ||||
Ref 537805 | Diabetic complications in lens and nerve and their prevention by sulindac or sorbinil: two novel aldose reductase inhibitors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983 Oct;24(10):1426-9. | ||||
Ref 537904 | Pharmacological profiles of a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, SPR-210, and its effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1994 Feb;64(2):115-24. | ||||
Ref 537989 | Clinical investigation of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic neuropathy in Japan: multicenter study. Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan. J Diabetes Complications. 1996 May-Jun;10(3):168-72. | ||||
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