Target Information
Target General Infomation | |||||
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Target ID |
T50918
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Former ID |
TTDS00006
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Target Name |
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
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Gene Name |
CHRM4
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Synonyms |
M5 receptor; CHRM4
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Target Type |
Successful
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Disease | Alzheimer disease [ICD9: 331; ICD10: G30] | ||||
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ICD9: 314; ICD10: F90] | |||||
Acquired nystagmus [ICD9: 379.5; ICD10: H55] | |||||
Bronchodilator [ICD9: 493; ICD10: J45] | |||||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD9: 490-492, 494-496; ICD10: J40-J44, J47] | |||||
Cough [ICD9: 786.2; ICD10: R05] | |||||
Central and peripheral nervous diseases [ICD10: G96.9] | |||||
Depression [ICD9: 311; ICD10: F30-F39] | |||||
Dysuria; Urgency; Nocturia; Suprapubic pain [ICD10: R300, R35] | |||||
Gastrointestinal disease [ICD10: K00-K93] | |||||
Glaucoma [ICD9: 365; ICD10: H40-H42] | |||||
Gastric motility disorder; Spasm [ICD9:728.85; ICD10: K22.4, R25.2] | |||||
Hypertension [ICD9: 401; ICD10: I10-I16] | |||||
Irritable bowel syndrome [ICD9: 564.1, 787.91; ICD10: A09, K58, K59.1] | |||||
Moderate and severe psychomotor agitation [ICD code not available] | |||||
Overactive bladder disorder; Spasm [ICD9:188, 596.51, 728.85; ICD10: C67, N32.81, R25.2] | |||||
Organophosphate poisoning [ICD9: 989.3; ICD10: T60.0] | |||||
Poison intoxication [ICD10: T36-T50] | |||||
Peptic ulcer disease; Irritable bowel syndrome; Pancreatitis; Gastritis [ICD10: K58, K85, K86, K29.0-K29.7] | |||||
Parkinson's disease [ICD9: 332; ICD10: G20] | |||||
Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia for diagnostic purposes [ICD10: H57.04] | |||||
Peptic ulcer; Gastrointestinal disease [ICD9:531-534; ICD10: K25-K27, K00-K93] | |||||
Peptic ulcer; Uveitis [ICD9:531-534, 364; ICD10: K25-K27, H20] | |||||
Peptic ulcer [ICD9: 531-534; ICD10: K25-K27] | |||||
Solid tumours [ICD9: 140-199, 210-229; ICD10: C00-D48] | |||||
Schizophrenia [ICD9: 295; ICD10: F20] | |||||
Urinary retention [ICD9: 788.2; ICD10: R33] | |||||
Function |
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
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BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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Target Validation |
T50918
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UniProt ID | |||||
Sequence |
MNTSAPPAVSPNITVLAPGKGPWQVAFIGITTGLLSLATVTGNLLVLISFKVNTELKTVN
NYFLLSLACADLIIGTFSMNLYTTYLLMGHWALGTLACDLWLALDYVASNASVMNLLLIS FDRYFSVTRPLSYRAKRTPRRAALMIGLAWLVSFVLWAPAILFWQYLVGERTVLAGQCYI QFLSQPIITFGTAMAAFYLPVTVMCTLYWRIYRETENRARELAALQGSETPGKGGGSSSS SERSQPGAEGSPETPPGRCCRCCRAPRLLQAYSWKEEEEEDEGSMESLTSSEGEEPGSEV VIKMPMVDPEAQAPTKQPPRSSPNTVKRPTKKGRDRAGKGQKPRGKEQLAKRKTFSLVKE KKAARTLSAILLAFILTWTPYNIMVLVSTFCKDCVPETLWELGYWLCYVNSTINPMCYAL CNKAFRDTFRLLLLCRWDKRRWRKIPKRPGSVHRTPSRQC |
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Drugs and Mode of Action | |||||
Drug(s) | ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma | [539906], [551871] |
Anisodine | Drug Info | Approved | Central and peripheral nervous diseases | [551871] | |
Anisotropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer | [538465], [551871] | |
Atropine | Drug Info | Approved | Organophosphate poisoning | [538234], [540179] | |
Bethanechol | Drug Info | Approved | Urinary retention | [538184], [539981] | |
Cimetropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Gastric motility disorder; Spasm | [551871] | |
Cryptenamine Acetates | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [551871] | |
Cyclopentolate | Drug Info | Approved | Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia for diagnostic purposes | [551871] | |
Flavoxate | Drug Info | Approved | Dysuria; Urgency; Nocturia; Suprapubic pain | [551871] | |
Flutropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Cough | [551871] | |
Homatropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer; Uveitis | [538361], [551871] | |
Hyoscyamine | Drug Info | Approved | Gastrointestinal disease | [536224] | |
Ispaghula | Drug Info | Approved | Irritable bowel syndrome | [536224] | |
Mebeverine | Drug Info | Approved | Irritable bowel syndrome | [536224] | |
Mepenzolate | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer; Gastrointestinal disease | [538434], [551871] | |
Methantheline | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer disease; Irritable bowel syndrome; Pancreatitis; Gastritis | [551871] | |
Oxitropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Bronchodilator | [551871] | |
Oxyphencyclimine | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer | [542274], [550780], [551871] | |
Pilocarpine | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma | [538550], [540051] | |
Procyclidine | Drug Info | Approved | Parkinson's disease | [538423], [542300] | |
Promazine | Drug Info | Approved | Moderate and severe psychomotor agitation | [551871] | |
Tridihexethyl | Drug Info | Approved | Acquired nystagmus | [538420] | |
Trospium | Drug Info | Approved | Overactive bladder disorder; Spasm | [527466], [528278], [538569], [542503], [551871] | |
Umeclidinium | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [542375], [550101] | |
Hyoscine | Drug Info | Phase 4 | Discovery agent | [524694] | |
L-651582 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Solid tumours | [528019] | |
OrM3 | Drug Info | Phase 2b | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [537130] | |
GSK233705 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [537130] | |
Atropine | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Poison intoxication | [534497], [540179], [551871] | |
Org-23366 | Drug Info | Preclinical | Schizophrenia | [536463] | |
Benactyzine | Drug Info | Withdrawn from market | Depression | [526766] | |
RS 86 | Drug Info | Terminated | Alzheimer disease | [544694] | |
Inhibitor | 1'-Benzyl-3-phenyl-[3,4']bipiperidinyl-2,6-dione | Drug Info | [533345] | ||
1-Methyl-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-but-2-ynyl)-urea | Drug Info | [527029] | |||
2,8-Dimethyl-1-oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one | Drug Info | [534723] | |||
2-Methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hex-4-ynal oxime | Drug Info | [551235] | |||
3-(3-benzylamino)-piperidin-2-one | Drug Info | [528735] | |||
3-Methyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [551235] | |||
3-Tetrazol-2-yl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane | Drug Info | [527344] | |||
4-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-o-tolylbutan-1-one | Drug Info | [531079] | |||
6-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-hex-4-ynal oxime | Drug Info | [551235] | |||
7-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [551235] | |||
7-Dimethylamino-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [551235] | |||
7-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [551235] | |||
ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | [534044] | |||
Acetic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [525826] | |||
Benzoic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [525826] | |||
BRL-55473 | Drug Info | [551234] | |||
CREMASTRINE | Drug Info | [527523] | |||
FLUMEZAPINE | Drug Info | [533165] | |||
FM1-10 | Drug Info | [529178] | |||
FM1-43 | Drug Info | [529178] | |||
GNF-PF-5618 | Drug Info | [527653] | |||
ISOCLOZAPINE | Drug Info | [530313] | |||
ISOLOXAPINE | Drug Info | [533577] | |||
N-(4-Dimethylamino-but-2-ynyl)-N-methyl-acetamide | Drug Info | [551235] | |||
N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl chloride | Drug Info | [551234] | |||
N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl fluoride | Drug Info | [551234] | |||
PF-3409409 | Drug Info | [530265] | |||
SULFOARECOLINE | Drug Info | [533450] | |||
VU0119498 | Drug Info | [530133] | |||
VU0238429 | Drug Info | [530133] | |||
Modulator | Anisodine | Drug Info | [533488] | ||
Cimetropium bromide | Drug Info | [528603], [536361] | |||
Cryptenamine Acetates | Drug Info | [556264] | |||
Flutropium bromide | Drug Info | [536361] | |||
L-651582 | Drug Info | [528019] | |||
Oxitropium bromide | Drug Info | [536361] | |||
Umeclidinium | Drug Info | [542375] | |||
Binder | Anisotropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | [535825] | ||
Oxyphencyclimine | Drug Info | [535829] | |||
Promazine | Drug Info | [537711] | |||
Tridihexethyl | Drug Info | [537342] | |||
Antagonist | Aprophen | Drug Info | [536212], [537749] | ||
Atropine | Drug Info | [535437], [537455], [537469], [537749] | |||
Benactyzine | Drug Info | [537749] | |||
Cyclopentolate | Drug Info | [537401] | |||
Flavoxate | Drug Info | [537993] | |||
GSK233705 | Drug Info | [537130] | |||
Homatropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | [536284] | |||
Hyoscine | Drug Info | [538039] | |||
Hyoscyamine | Drug Info | [537734] | |||
Ispaghula | Drug Info | [536224] | |||
Mebeverine | Drug Info | [536224] | |||
Mepenzolate | Drug Info | [537843] | |||
Methantheline | Drug Info | [537027] | |||
Org-23366 | Drug Info | [536463] | |||
OrM3 | Drug Info | [537130] | |||
Procyclidine | Drug Info | [535950] | |||
Trospium | Drug Info | [536284] | |||
Agonist | Bethanechol | Drug Info | [536978], [536985], [537156] | ||
Muscarine | Drug Info | [535437] | |||
Pilocarpine | Drug Info | [537264], [537370] | |||
RS 86 | Drug Info | [537751] | |||
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM) | |||||
TEP | EXP Info | ||||
Pathways | |||||
KEGG Pathway | Calcium signaling pathway | ||||
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
Cholinergic synapse | |||||
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | |||||
PANTHER Pathway | Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway | ||||
Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gq alpha and Go alpha mediated pathway | |||||
Reactome | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors | ||||
G alpha (q) signalling events | |||||
WikiPathways | Monoamine GPCRs | ||||
Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell | |||||
Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton | |||||
GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK | |||||
GPCR ligand binding | |||||
GPCR downstream signaling | |||||
References | |||||
Ref 524694 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02098889) Safety Study of Hyoscine N Butyl Bromide in Active Management of Labor. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 526766 | Benactyzine as an aid in treatment of anxiety states; preliminary report. Br Med J. 1957 Feb 9;1(5014):306-10. | ||||
Ref 528019 | The antiproliferative and antimetastatic compound L651582 inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated calcium influx and arachidonic acid release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991 Jun;257(3):967-71. | ||||
Ref 528278 | Trospium chloride: the European experience. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jul;7(10):1373-80. | ||||
Ref 534497 | Potentiation and inhibition of neuronal nicotinic receptors by atropine: competitive and noncompetitive effects. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Nov;52(5):886-95. | ||||
Ref 536224 | Emerging drugs for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):293-313. | ||||
Ref 536463 | The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):904-22. Epub 2007 Jul 31. | ||||
Ref 537130 | Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94. | ||||
Ref 538184 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040518. | ||||
Ref 538234 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 071295. | ||||
Ref 538361 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 086310. | ||||
Ref 538420 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009489. | ||||
Ref 538423 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009818. | ||||
Ref 538434 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 010679. | ||||
Ref 538465 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 013428. | ||||
Ref 538550 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 020619. | ||||
Ref 538569 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 021595. | ||||
Ref 539906 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 288). | ||||
Ref 539981 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 297). | ||||
Ref 540051 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 305). | ||||
Ref 540179 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 320). | ||||
Ref 542274 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7256). | ||||
Ref 542300 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7280). | ||||
Ref 542375 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7354). | ||||
Ref 542503 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7480). | ||||
Ref 525826 | J Med Chem. 2000 Jun 29;43(13):2514-22.6beta-Acyloxy(nor)tropanes: affinities for antagonist/agonist binding sites on transfected and native muscarinic receptors. | ||||
Ref 527029 | J Med Chem. 1992 Aug 21;35(17):3270-9.Urea and 2-imidazolidone derivatives of the muscarinic agents oxotremorine and N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide. | ||||
Ref 527344 | J Med Chem. 1992 Apr 3;35(7):1280-90.Synthesis and muscarinic activities of quinuclidin-3-yltriazole and -tetrazole derivatives. | ||||
Ref 527523 | J Nat Prod. 2005 Apr;68(4):572-3.Cremastrine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Cremastra appendiculata. | ||||
Ref 527653 | J Nat Prod. 2005 Jul;68(7):1061-5.Nocardimicins A, B, C, D, E, and F, siderophores with muscarinic M3 receptor inhibiting activity from Nocardia sp. TP-A0674. | ||||
Ref 528019 | The antiproliferative and antimetastatic compound L651582 inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated calcium influx and arachidonic acid release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991 Jun;257(3):967-71. | ||||
Ref 528603 | Scopolamine in Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae): defense, allocation, costs, and induced response. J Chem Ecol. 2007 Feb;33(2):297-309. | ||||
Ref 528735 | J Med Chem. 2007 Apr 19;50(8):1925-32. Epub 2007 Mar 17.Designing active template molecules by combining computational de novo design and human chemist's expertise. | ||||
Ref 529178 | Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jan 15;18(2):825-7. Epub 2007 Nov 17.Design and synthesis of a fluorescent muscarinic antagonist. | ||||
Ref 530133 | J Med Chem. 2009 Jun 11;52(11):3445-8.Discovery of the first highly M5-preferring muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand, an M5 positive allosteric modulator derived from a series of 5-trifluoromethoxy N-benzyl isatins. | ||||
Ref 530265 | Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 15;19(16):4579-83. Epub 2009 Jul 2.Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]benzamides as selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors: CNS penetration in a more polar template. | ||||
Ref 530313 | J Med Chem. 1990 Feb;33(2):809-14.Chloro-substituted, sterically hindered 5,11-dicarbo analogues of clozapine as potential chiral antipsychotic agents. | ||||
Ref 531079 | J Med Chem. 2010 Sep 9;53(17):6386-97.Discovery of N-{1-[3-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2-phenylacetamide (Lu AE51090): an allosteric muscarinic M1 receptor agonist with unprecedented selectivity and procognitive potential. | ||||
Ref 533165 | J Med Chem. 1989 Dec;32(12):2573-82.Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of 4-piperazinylpyrazolo[3,4-b]- and -[4,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepines as potential anxiolytics. | ||||
Ref 533345 | J Med Chem. 1989 May;32(5):1057-62.Synthesis and biological evaluation of [125I]- and [123I]-4-iododexetimide, a potent muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. | ||||
Ref 533450 | J Med Chem. 1988 Jul;31(7):1312-6.Heterocyclic muscarinic agonists. Synthesis and biological activity of some bicyclic sulfonium arecoline bioisosteres. | ||||
Ref 533577 | J Med Chem. 1981 Sep;24(9):1021-6.Synthesis of clozapine analogues and their affinity for clozapine and spiroperidol binding sites in rat brain. | ||||
Ref 534044 | J Med Chem. 1993 Apr 2;36(7):842-7.Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists. | ||||
Ref 534723 | J Med Chem. 1998 Oct 22;41(22):4181-5.Synthesis and modeling studies of a potent conformationally rigid muscarinic agonist: 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanespirofuranone. | ||||
Ref 535437 | The effects of the antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in rat brain on urinary bladder contraction. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2002 Mar;93(3):427-34. | ||||
Ref 535825 | Anisotropine methylbromide: a new antispasmodic for gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1963 May;5:213-8. | ||||
Ref 535829 | Stereoselective interaction of procyclidine, hexahydro-difenidol, hexbutinol and oxyphencyclimine, and of related antagonists, with four muscarinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Sep 1;227(1):33-42. | ||||
Ref 535950 | Protection against soman-induced seizures in rats: relationship among doses of prophylactics, soman, and adjuncts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 May 1;196(3):327-36. | ||||
Ref 536212 | M1 muscarinic antagonists interact with sigma recognition sites. Life Sci. 1991;49(17):1229-35. | ||||
Ref 536224 | Emerging drugs for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):293-313. | ||||
Ref 536284 | Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. | ||||
Ref 536361 | Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77. Epub 2007 Feb 20. | ||||
Ref 536463 | The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):904-22. Epub 2007 Jul 31. | ||||
Ref 536978 | Postoperative analgesia induced by intrathecal neostigmine or bethanechol in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Jul;36(7):648-54. Epub 2008 Nov 28. | ||||
Ref 536985 | Morphine increases acetylcholine release in the trigeminal nuclear complex. Sleep. 2008 Dec 1;31(12):1629-37. | ||||
Ref 537027 | Anticholinergics for urinary symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD004193. | ||||
Ref 537130 | Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94. | ||||
Ref 537156 | Loss of Ca-mediated ion transport during colitis correlates with reduced ion transport responses to a Ca-activated K channel opener. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;156(7):1085-97. Epub 2009 Mar 9. | ||||
Ref 537264 | Muscarinic activation attenuates abnormal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein induced by cobalt chloride-mimetic hypoxia in retinal ganglion cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Jun 19;384(1):110-3. Epub 2009 Apr 22. | ||||
Ref 537342 | Effect of anticholinergic agents upon acquired nystagmus: a double-blind study of trihexyphenidyl and tridihexethyl chloride. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1737-41. | ||||
Ref 537370 | Retinoic acid prevents virus-induced airway hyperreactivity and M2 receptor dysfunction via anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):L340-6. Epub 2009 May 22. | ||||
Ref 537401 | High spatial resolution studies of muscarinic neuroeffector junctions in mouse isolated vas deferens. Neuroscience. 2009 May 29. | ||||
Ref 537455 | Loss of M2 muscarinic receptor function inhibits development of hypoxic bradycardia and alters cardiac beta-adrenergic sensitivity in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):R412-20. Epub 2009 Jun 10. | ||||
Ref 537469 | Additive Protective Effects of Donepezil and Nicotine Against Salsolinol-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res. 2009 Mar 20. | ||||
Ref 537711 | Muscarinic cholinergic and histamine H1 receptor binding of phenothiazine drug metabolites. Life Sci. 1988;43(5):405-12. | ||||
Ref 537734 | Reconstitution of the purified porcine atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor with purified porcine atrial inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein. Biochemistry. 1987 Dec 15;26(25):8175-82. | ||||
Ref 537749 | The muscarinic antagonists aprophen and benactyzine are noncompetitive inhibitors of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 1987 Nov;32(5):678-85. | ||||
Ref 537751 | The pharmacological assessment of RS 86 (2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro-[4,5]-decan-1,3-dion hydrobromide). A potent, specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1986 Jun 5;125(1):45-62. | ||||
Ref 537843 | Isolation of cholinergic active ingredients in aqueous extracts of Mareya micrantha using the longitudinal muscle of isolated guinea-pig ileum as a pharmacological activity marker. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Mar;45(3):215-22. | ||||
Ref 537993 | Brain pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins are involved in the flavoxate hydrochloride-induced suppression of the micturition reflex in rats. Brain Res. 1996 Jul 15;727(1-2):91-8. | ||||
Ref 538039 | Comparison of the effects of a selective muscarinic receptor antagonist and hyoscine (scopolamine) on motion sickness, skin conductance and heart rate. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;43(6):633-7. | ||||
Ref 542375 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7354). | ||||
Ref 551234 | A novel and selective class of azabicyclic muscarinic agonists incorporating an N-methoxy imidoyl halide or nitrile functionality, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2(8):791-796 (1992). |
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