Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T75440
(Former ID: TTDS00454)
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Target Name |
Translocator protein (TSPO)
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Synonyms |
Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor; PKBS; PBR; Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor; MBR; BZRP
Click to Show/Hide
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Gene Name |
TSPO
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Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 6 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Anxiety disorder [ICD-11: 6B00-6B0Z] | |||||
2 | Epilepsy/seizure [ICD-11: 8A61-8A6Z] | |||||
3 | Insomnia [ICD-11: 7A00-7A0Z] | |||||
4 | Intentional self-harm [ICD-11: PC91] | |||||
5 | Mood/affect symptom [ICD-11: MB24] | |||||
6 | Tonus and reflex abnormality [ICD-11: MB47] | |||||
Function |
Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism, but its precise physiological role is controversial. It is apparently not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides. Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme.
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BioChemical Class |
Cholesterol/porphyrin uptake translocator
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UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MAPPWVPAMGFTLAPSLGCFVGSRFVHGEGLRWYAGLQKPSWHPPHWVLGPVWGTLYSAM
GYGSYLVWKELGGFTEKAVVPLGLYTGQLALNWAWPPIFFGARQMGWALVDLLLVSGAAA ATTVAWYQVSPLAARLLYPYLAWLAFTTTLNYCVWRDNHGWRGGRRLPE Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold | ||||
ADReCS ID | BADD_A00167 ; BADD_A00264 ; BADD_A03955 ; BADD_A05517 | |||||
HIT2.0 ID | T67U3B |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Approved Drug(s) | [+] 23 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Adinazolam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [2] | |
2 | Alpidem | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [3] | |
3 | Alprazolam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [4], [5] | |
4 | Chlordiazepoxide | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [6], [7] | |
5 | Chlormezanone | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [3], [8], [9] | |
6 | Cinolazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Muscle spasm | [10] | |
7 | Clorazepate | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [11], [12] | |
8 | Clotiazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [13] | |
9 | Diazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Epilepsy | [14], [15] | |
10 | Estazolam | Drug Info | Approved | Insomnia | [16], [17] | |
11 | Eszopiclone | Drug Info | Approved | Insomnia | [18], [19] | |
12 | Fludiazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [20] | |
13 | Flumazenil | Drug Info | Approved | Benzodiazepine overdose | [21], [22] | |
14 | Flunitrazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Insomnia | [23], [24] | |
15 | Flurazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Insomnia | [25], [26] | |
16 | Halazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [27], [28] | |
17 | Lorazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [29], [30] | |
18 | Midazolam | Drug Info | Approved | Irritability | [31], [32] | |
19 | Oxazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [33], [34] | |
20 | Prazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Anxiety disorder | [35], [36] | |
21 | Quazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Insomnia | [37], [38] | |
22 | Temazepam | Drug Info | Approved | Insomnia | [39], [40] | |
23 | Triazolam | Drug Info | Approved | Insomnia | [41], [34] | |
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 7 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | 11C-PBR-28 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Brain disease | [42] | |
2 | Dextofisopam | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Irritable bowel syndrome | [43] | |
3 | ONO-2952 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Irritable bowel syndrome | [44] | |
4 | SSR-180575 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Rheumatoid arthritis | [45] | |
5 | TLN-4601 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Solid tumour/cancer | [46] | |
6 | 18F-FEDAA-1106 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Alzheimer disease | [47] | |
7 | BAY-85-8102 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Brain disease | [48] | |
Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 10 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Ro-16-6028 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Anxiety disorder | [49], [50] | |
2 | Emapunil | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Anxiety disorder | [51], [52] | |
3 | Lirequinil | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Anxiety disorder | [53] | |
4 | S-8510 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Cognitive impairment | [54] | |
5 | TRO-40303 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Lateral sclerosis | [55] | |
6 | Imepitoin | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Convulsion | [56] | |
7 | DAA-1097 | Drug Info | Terminated | Anxiety disorder | [57] | |
8 | Miltirone | Drug Info | Terminated | Anxiety disorder | [58] | |
9 | NNC-13-8119 | Drug Info | Terminated | Anxiety disorder | [59] | |
10 | NS-2979 | Drug Info | Terminated | Pain | [60] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 7 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Agonist | [+] 18 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Adinazolam | Drug Info | [61] | |||
2 | Alprazolam | Drug Info | [1], [63] | |||
3 | Chlormezanone | Drug Info | [65] | |||
4 | Clotiazepam | Drug Info | [67] | |||
5 | Diazepam | Drug Info | [68], [69] | |||
6 | Estazolam | Drug Info | [70], [71] | |||
7 | Eszopiclone | Drug Info | [63], [72] | |||
8 | Fludiazepam | Drug Info | [73] | |||
9 | Flunitrazepam | Drug Info | [1] | |||
10 | Oxazepam | Drug Info | [75] | |||
11 | Dextofisopam | Drug Info | [43] | |||
12 | BAY-85-8102 | Drug Info | [74] | |||
13 | Emapunil | Drug Info | [84] | |||
14 | Lirequinil | Drug Info | [85] | |||
15 | S-8510 | Drug Info | [3] | |||
16 | Imepitoin | Drug Info | [87] | |||
17 | DAA-1097 | Drug Info | [88] | |||
18 | Benzodiazepine | Drug Info | [74] | |||
Inhibitor | [+] 12 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | Alpidem | Drug Info | [62] | |||
2 | SSR-180575 | Drug Info | [3], [78] | |||
3 | (R)PK-11195 | Drug Info | [93] | |||
4 | 2-(2-Phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dipropyl-acetamide | Drug Info | [94] | |||
5 | 4-Methoxy-5-phenyl-6-thia-10b-aza-benzo[e]azulene | Drug Info | [95] | |||
6 | 5-Phenyl-6-thia-10b-aza-benzo[e]azulen-4-one | Drug Info | [96] | |||
7 | 5-Phenyl-6-thia-10b-aza-benzo[e]azulene | Drug Info | [95] | |||
8 | 6-Thia-10b-aza-benzo[e]azulen-4-one | Drug Info | [96] | |||
9 | N,N-Diethyl-2-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-acetamide | Drug Info | [94] | |||
10 | N,N-Dihexyl-2-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-acetamide | Drug Info | [94] | |||
11 | N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-acetamide | Drug Info | [94] | |||
12 | N-Hexyl-2-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-acetamide | Drug Info | [94] | |||
Modulator | [+] 18 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | Chlordiazepoxide | Drug Info | [64] | |||
2 | Clorazepate | Drug Info | [64] | |||
3 | Flurazepam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
4 | Halazepam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
5 | Lorazepam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
6 | Midazolam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
7 | Prazepam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
8 | Quazepam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
9 | Temazepam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
10 | Triazolam | Drug Info | [64] | |||
11 | TLN-4601 | Drug Info | [79] | |||
12 | 18F-FEDAA-1106 | Drug Info | [80] | |||
13 | Ro-16-6028 | Drug Info | [83] | |||
14 | TRO-40303 | Drug Info | [86] | |||
15 | Miltirone | Drug Info | [90] | |||
16 | NNC-13-8119 | Drug Info | [91] | |||
17 | NS-2979 | Drug Info | [92] | |||
18 | U-89854 | Drug Info | [74] | |||
Binder | [+] 7 Binder drugs | + | ||||
1 | Cinolazepam | Drug Info | [66] | |||
2 | 11C-PBR-28 | Drug Info | [76] | |||
3 | 11C-PBR-170 | Drug Info | [74] | |||
4 | FGIN-1-27 | Drug Info | [97] | |||
5 | PK 11195 | Drug Info | [97] | |||
6 | Ro 5-4864 | Drug Info | [97], [98] | |||
7 | TGSC01AA(4) | Drug Info | [74] | |||
Antagonist | [+] 2 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Flumazenil | Drug Info | [74] | |||
2 | ONO-2952 | Drug Info | [77] | |||
Ligand | [+] 93 Ligand drugs | + | ||||
1 | Aryl oxyanilide derivative 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
2 | Aryl oxyanilide derivative 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
3 | Aryl oxyanilide derivative 3 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
4 | Benzimidazolone acetamide derivative 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
5 | Benzimidazolone acetamide derivative 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
6 | Benzodiazepine derivative 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
7 | Benzothiazepine analog 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
8 | Benzothiazepine analog 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
9 | Benzothiazepine analog 3 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
10 | Benzothiazepine analog 4 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
11 | Benzothiazepine analog 5 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
12 | Benzothiazepine analog 6 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
13 | Benzothiazepine analog 7 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
14 | Benzothiazepine analog 8 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
15 | Benzothiazepine analog 9 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
16 | Benzoxazepine analog 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
17 | Bidentate pyrazolopyrimidine acetamide analog 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
18 | Bidentate pyrazolopyrimidine acetamide analog 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
19 | Bidentate pyrazolopyrimidine acetamide analog 3 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
20 | Bidentate pyrazolopyrimidine acetamide analog 4 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
21 | Imidazopyridine acetamide analog 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
22 | Imidazopyridine acetamide analog 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
23 | Imidazopyridine acetamide analog 3 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
24 | Imidazopyridine acetamide analog 4 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
25 | Imidazopyridine acetamide analog 5 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
26 | Imidazopyridine acetamide analog 6 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
27 | Imidazopyridine acetamide analog 7 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
28 | Imidazopyridine derivative 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
29 | Imidazopyridine derivative 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
30 | Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine acetamide derivative 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
31 | Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine acetamide derivative 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
32 | Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine acetamide derivative 3 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
33 | Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine acetamide derivative 4 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
34 | Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine acetamide derivative 5 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
35 | Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine acetamide derivative 6 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
36 | Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine acetamide derivative 7 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
37 | Indole-based analog 10 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
38 | Indole-based analog 5 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
39 | Indole-based analog 9 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
40 | Iodophenyl-N-methyl-N-fluoroalkyl-3-isoquinoline carboxamide derivative 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
41 | Iodophenyl-N-methyl-N-fluoroalkyl-3-isoquinoline carboxamide derivative 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
42 | Iodophenyl-N-methyl-N-fluoroalkyl-3-isoquinoline carboxamide derivative 3 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
43 | Isoquinoline carboxamide derivative 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
44 | Phenylpurine acetamide analog 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
45 | Phenylpurine acetamide analog 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
46 | PMID27599163-Compound-52 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
47 | PMID27599163-Compound-75 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
48 | PMID27599163-Compound-76 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
49 | PMID27599163-Compound-77 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
50 | PMID27599163-Compound-78 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
51 | PMID27599163-Compound-79 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
52 | PMID27599163-Compound-81 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
53 | PMID27599163-Compound-82 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
54 | PMID27607364-Compound-10 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
55 | PMID27607364-Compound-141 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
56 | PMID27607364-Compound-162 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
57 | PMID27607364-Compound-4 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
58 | PMID27607364-Compound-58 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
59 | PMID27607364-Compound-59 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
60 | PMID27607364-Compound-60 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
61 | PMID27607364-Compound-61 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
62 | PMID27607364-Compound-62 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
63 | PMID27607364-Compound-63 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
64 | PMID27607364-Compound-64 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
65 | PMID27607364-Compound-65 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
66 | Pyrazolopyrimidine acetamide analog 1 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
67 | Pyrazolopyrimidine acetamide analog 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
68 | Quinazoline derivative 2 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
69 | Quinazoline derivative 3 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
70 | Quinazoline derivative 4 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
71 | Quinazoline derivative 5 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
72 | Quinazoline derivative 6 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
73 | Quinazoline derivative 7 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
74 | Quinoline carboxamide derivative 10 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
75 | Quinoline carboxamide derivative 4 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
76 | Quinoline carboxamide derivative 5 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
77 | Quinoline carboxamide derivative 6 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
78 | Quinoline carboxamide derivative 7 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
79 | Quinoline carboxamide derivative 8 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
80 | Quinoline carboxamide derivative 9 | Drug Info | [81] | |||
81 | Tricyclic indole compound 1 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
82 | Tricyclic indole compound 10 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
83 | Tricyclic indole compound 11 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
84 | Tricyclic indole compound 12 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
85 | Tricyclic indole compound 14 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
86 | Tricyclic indole compound 2 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
87 | Tricyclic indole compound 3 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
88 | Tricyclic indole compound 4 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
89 | Tricyclic indole compound 5 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
90 | Tricyclic indole compound 6 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
91 | Tricyclic indole compound 7 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
92 | Tricyclic indole compound 8 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
93 | Tricyclic indole compound 9 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
Suppressor | [+] 1 Suppressor drugs | + | ||||
1 | Ginkgolide B (GKB) | Drug Info | [89] |
Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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Cell-based Target Expression Variations |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Tissue Distribution
of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.
The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects
(Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Tissue Distribution
Human Pathway Affiliation
Biological Network Descriptors
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There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target
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Note:
If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.
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KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04080 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Cholesterol metabolism | hsa04979 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Digestive system | Pathway Hierarchy |
Degree | 5 | Degree centrality | 5.37E-04 | Betweenness centrality | 4.34E-04 |
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Closeness centrality | 1.85E-01 | Radiality | 1.31E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 1.00E-01 |
Neighborhood connectivity | 8.00E+00 | Topological coefficient | 2.18E-01 | Eccentricity | 11 |
Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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Co-Targets |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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Target Expression Profile (TEP) |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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KEGG Pathway | [+] 2 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
2 | HTLV-I infection |
Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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Target Validation | ||||||
Target QSAR Model |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Comparison of five benzodiazepine-receptor agonists on buprenorphine-induced mu-opioid receptor regulation. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 May;110(1):36-46. | |||||
REF 2 | Drug information of Adinazolam, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 3 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
REF 4 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7111). | |||||
REF 5 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 074046. | |||||
REF 6 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3370). | |||||
REF 7 | Use of the accelerating rotarod for assessment of motor performance decrement induced by potential anticonvulsant compounds in nerve agent poisoning. Drug Chem Toxicol. 1992;15(3):177-201. | |||||
REF 8 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7323). | |||||
REF 9 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 011467. | |||||
REF 10 | Drug information of Cinolazepam, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 11 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7548). | |||||
REF 12 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 071852. | |||||
REF 13 | Drug information of Clotiazepam, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 14 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3364). | |||||
REF 15 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01939093) Therapeutic Effect of Quetiapine on Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 16 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7550). | |||||
REF 17 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 074818. | |||||
REF 18 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7429). | |||||
REF 19 | Emerging therapies for fibromyalgia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Mar;13(1):53-62. | |||||
REF 20 | Drug information of Fludiazepam, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 21 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4192). | |||||
REF 22 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00997087) A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Flumazenil for the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 23 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4360). | |||||
REF 24 | Drug information of Flunitrazepam, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 25 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7188). | |||||
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