Target Information

Target General Infomation
Target ID
T67684
Former ID
TTDS00004
Target Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Gene Name
CHRM3
Synonyms
M3 receptor; CHRM3
Target Type
Successful
Disease Alzheimer disease [ICD9: 331; ICD10: G30]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD9: 490-492, 494-496; ICD10: J40-J44, J47]
Diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity [ICD10: W88]
Glaucoma [ICD9: 365; ICD10: H40-H42]
Obstructive lung diseases [ICD9: 490-492, 494-496; ICD10: J40-J44, J47]
Overactive bladder [ICD9: 596.51; ICD10: N32.81]
Overactive bladder disorder [ICD9: 188, 596.51; ICD10: C67, N32.81]
Postoperative nausea and vomiting [ICD10: R11]
Respiratory disease [ICD10: J00-J99]
Sjogren's syndrome [ICD9: 710.2; ICD10: M35.0]
Spasms; Pain [ICD9: 338,780; ICD10: R52, G89]
Seborrhea [ICD10: L21]
Urinary incontinence [ICD9: 788.3; ICD10: N39.3, N39.4, R32]
Unspecified [ICD code not available]
Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
BioChemical Class
GPCR rhodopsin
Target Validation
T67684
UniProt ID
P20309
Sequence
MTLHNNSTTSPLFPNISSSWIHSPSDAGLPPGTVTHFGSYNVSRAAGNFSSPDGTTDDPL
GGHTVWQVVFIAFLTGILALVTIIGNILVIVSFKVNKQLKTVNNYFLLSLACADLIIGVI
SMNLFTTYIIMNRWALGNLACDLWLAIDYVASNASVMNLLVISFDRYFSITRPLTYRAKR
TTKRAGVMIGLAWVISFVLWAPAILFWQYFVGKRTVPPGECFIQFLSEPTITFGTAIAAF
YMPVTIMTILYWRIYKETEKRTKELAGLQASGTEAETENFVHPTGSSRSCSSYELQQQSM
KRSNRRKYGRCHFWFTTKSWKPSSEQMDQDHSSSDSWNNNDAAASLENSASSDEEDIGSE
TRAIYSIVLKLPGHSTILNSTKLPSSDNLQVPEEELGMVDLERKADKLQAQKSVDDGGSF
PKSFSKLPIQLESAVDTAKTSDVNSSVGKSTATLPLSFKEATLAKRFALKTRSQITKRKR
MSLVKEKKAAQTLSAILLAFIITWTPYNIMVLVNTFCDSCIPKTFWNLGYWLCYINSTVN
PVCYALCNKTFRTTFKMLLLCQCDKKKRRKQQYQQRQSVIFHKRAPEQAL
Structure
2CSA
Drugs and Mode of Action
Drug(s) ACECLIDINE Drug Info Approved Glaucoma [539906], [551871]
Cevimeline Drug Info Approved Sjogren's syndrome [535986]
Darifenacin Drug Info Approved Overactive bladder disorder [527466], [536361], [540188]
Ipratropium Drug Info Approved Obstructive lung diseases [536527], [540223]
LAS-34273 Drug Info Approved Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [530127], [532210]
Methacholine Chloride Drug Info Approved Diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity [551871]
Methscopolamine Bromide Drug Info Approved Postoperative nausea and vomiting [551871]
SMT-D002 Drug Info Approved Seborrhea [551707]
Solifenacin Drug Info Approved Overactive bladder disorder [538568], [542506]
Succinylcholine Drug Info Approved Spasms; Pain [538408], [540621], [551871]
Tiotropium Drug Info Approved Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [536361], [540500]
Tolterodine Drug Info Approved Overactive bladder [551871]
(R)-mequitazine (incontinence/respiratory disease), Pierre Fabre Drug Info Phase 2 Respiratory disease [524448]
Tarafenacin Drug Info Phase 2 Overactive bladder disorder [523669]
TRN-157 Drug Info Phase 2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [525108]
CHF 5407 Drug Info Phase 1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [537130]
Zamifenacin Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 3 Urinary incontinence [545544]
PSD-506 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 2 Overactive bladder disorder [548196]
Revatropate Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [536223]
Alvameline Drug Info Terminated Alzheimer disease [534674]
Modulator (R)-mequitazine (incontinence/respiratory disease), Pierre Fabre Drug Info
Alvameline Drug Info [534674]
CHF 5407 Drug Info
DAU-5750 Drug Info
DAU-5884 Drug Info
Ipratropium Drug Info
Methacholine Chloride Drug Info [526519]
Methscopolamine Bromide Drug Info
PSD-506 Drug Info [1572591]
Revatropate Drug Info
Inhibitor 1'-Benzyl-3-phenyl-[3,4']bipiperidinyl-2,6-dione Drug Info [533345]
1,1-diphenyl-2-(3-tropanyl)ethanol Drug Info [530266]
1-Methyl-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-but-2-ynyl)-urea Drug Info [527029]
2,8-Dimethyl-1-oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one Drug Info [534723]
2-Methyl-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hex-4-ynal oxime Drug Info [551235]
3-(3-benzylamino)-piperidin-2-one Drug Info [528735]
3-Methyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one Drug Info [551235]
3-Tetrazol-2-yl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Drug Info [527344]
4-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-o-tolylbutan-1-one Drug Info [531079]
6-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-hex-4-ynal oxime Drug Info [551235]
7-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-hept-5-yn-2-one Drug Info [551235]
7-Dimethylamino-hept-5-yn-2-one Drug Info [551235]
7-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one Drug Info [551235]
A-987306 Drug Info [529789]
ACECLIDINE Drug Info [534044]
Acetic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester Drug Info [534645]
Benzoic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester Drug Info [525826]
BRL-55473 Drug Info [551234]
CREMASTRINE Drug Info [527523]
FLUMEZAPINE Drug Info [533165]
FM1-10 Drug Info [529178]
FM1-43 Drug Info [529178]
GNF-PF-5618 Drug Info [527653]
ISOCLOZAPINE Drug Info [530313]
ISOLOXAPINE Drug Info [533577]
N-(4-Dimethylamino-but-2-ynyl)-N-methyl-acetamide Drug Info [551235]
N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl chloride Drug Info [551234]
N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl fluoride Drug Info [551234]
NOCARDIMICIN A Drug Info [527653]
Nocardimicin C Drug Info [527653]
Nocardimicin D Drug Info [527653]
Nocardimicin F Drug Info [527653]
Noccardimicin E Drug Info [527653]
Propionic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester Drug Info [525826]
SULFOARECOLINE Drug Info [533450]
UCB-101333-3 Drug Info [528765]
Antagonist 3-(1-carbamoyl-1,1-diphenylmethyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenylethyl)pyrrolidine (APP) Drug Info [535903]
4-DAMP Drug Info [535437], [537414]
AE-9C90CB Drug Info [543432]
Darifenacin Drug Info [537284]
guanylpirenzepine Drug Info [534213]
hexahydrodifenidol Drug Info [533335]
hexahydrosiladifenidol Drug Info [533335]
LAS-34273 Drug Info [536223]
lithocholylcholine Drug Info [526426]
ML381 Drug Info [532729]
Olterodine Drug Info [535327]
Oxybutynine Drug Info [536612]
p-F-HHSiD Drug Info [534185]
PTAC Drug Info [535327]
silahexocyclium Drug Info [533335]
Solifenacin Drug Info [537339]
Succinylcholine Drug Info [536941], [538090]
Tarafenacin Drug Info [529966]
Tiotropium Drug Info [536555]
Tolterodine Drug Info [535660], [535903]
tripitramine Drug Info [529575]
TRN-157 Drug Info [543432]
UH-AH 37 Drug Info [534670]
VU0255035 Drug Info [530098]
Zamifenacin Drug Info [535150]
[3H]darifenacin Drug Info [534324]
[3H]N-methyl scopolamine Drug Info [534769]
[3H]QNB Drug Info [533454]
[3H]tiotropium Drug Info [532246]
Agonist arecaidine propargyl ester Drug Info [534426]
Cevimeline Drug Info [536701]
furtrethonium Drug Info [534426]
J-104135 Drug Info [543432]
McN-A-343 Drug Info [533662]
methylfurmethide Drug Info [534426]
NNC 11-1314 Drug Info [526123]
NNC 11-1585 Drug Info [526123]
NNC 11-1607 Drug Info [526123]
oxotremorine-M Drug Info [534426]
pentylthio-TZTP Drug Info [534426]
SMT-D002 Drug Info [527286]
Modulator (allosteric modulator) brucine Drug Info [534573]
Go7874 Drug Info [525801]
N-benzyl brucine Drug Info [534573]
N-chloromethyl-brucine Drug Info [534573]
thiochrome Drug Info [526926]
vinburnine Drug Info [534426]
WIN 51,708 Drug Info [526460]
WIN 62,577 Drug Info [526460]
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM)
TEP EXP Info
Pathways
KEGG Pathway Calcium signaling pathway
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
Cholinergic synapse
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
Insulin secretion
Salivary secretion
Gastric acid secretion
Pancreatic secretion
PANTHER Pathway Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway
Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gq alpha and Go alpha mediated pathway
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 and 3 signaling pathway
PathWhiz Pathway Gastric Acid Production
Reactome Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion
G alpha (q) signalling events
WikiPathways Monoamine GPCRs
Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell
Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton
GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
Integration of energy metabolism
GPCR ligand binding
GPCR downstream signaling
GPCRs, Other
References
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Ref 535986Therapeutic effect of cevimeline on dry eye in patients with Sj??gren's syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jul;138(1):6-17.
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Ref 538408FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 008453.
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Ref 540500(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 367).
Ref 540621(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4004).
Ref 542506(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7483).
Ref 545544Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003650)
Ref 548196Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800022973)
Ref 551707Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Summit.
Ref 551871Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
Ref
Ref 525801Allosteric interactions of staurosporine and other indolocarbazoles with N-[methyl-(3)H]scopolamine and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptor subtypes: identification of a second allosteric site. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jul;58(1):194-207.
Ref 525826J Med Chem. 2000 Jun 29;43(13):2514-22.6beta-Acyloxy(nor)tropanes: affinities for antagonist/agonist binding sites on transfected and native muscarinic receptors.
Ref 526123Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dimeric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Sep;298(3):1260-8.
Ref 526426Lithocholylcholine, a bile acid/acetylcholine hybrid, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):29-35.
Ref 526460Analogs of WIN 62,577 define a second allosteric site on muscarinic receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;62(6):1492-505.
Ref 526519Muscarinic M3-receptors mediate cholinergic synergism of mitogenesis in airway smooth muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2003 Feb;28(2):257-62.
Ref 526926Thiochrome enhances acetylcholine affinity at muscarinic M4 receptors: receptor subtype selectivity via cooperativity rather than affinity. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;65(1):257-66.
Ref 527029J Med Chem. 1992 Aug 21;35(17):3270-9.Urea and 2-imidazolidone derivatives of the muscarinic agents oxotremorine and N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide.
Ref 527286Demonstration of bladder selective muscarinic receptor binding by intravesical oxybutynin to treat overactive bladder. J Urol. 2004 Nov;172(5 Pt 1):2059-64.
Ref 527344J Med Chem. 1992 Apr 3;35(7):1280-90.Synthesis and muscarinic activities of quinuclidin-3-yltriazole and -tetrazole derivatives.
Ref 527523J Nat Prod. 2005 Apr;68(4):572-3.Cremastrine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Cremastra appendiculata.
Ref 527653J Nat Prod. 2005 Jul;68(7):1061-5.Nocardimicins A, B, C, D, E, and F, siderophores with muscarinic M3 receptor inhibiting activity from Nocardia sp. TP-A0674.
Ref 528735J Med Chem. 2007 Apr 19;50(8):1925-32. Epub 2007 Mar 17.Designing active template molecules by combining computational de novo design and human chemist's expertise.
Ref 528765Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Jun 1;17(11):3077-80. Epub 2007 Mar 19.Dual M3 antagonists-PDE4 inhibitors. Part 2: Synthesis and SAR of 3-substituted azetidinyl derivatives.
Ref 529178Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jan 15;18(2):825-7. Epub 2007 Nov 17.Design and synthesis of a fluorescent muscarinic antagonist.
Ref 529575Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pirenzepine analogs bearing a 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and perhydroquinoxaline units in exchange for the piperazine ring as antimuscarinics. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Aug 1;16(15):7311-20.
Ref 529789J Med Chem. 2008 Nov 27;51(22):7094-8.cis-4-(Piperazin-1-yl)-5,6,7a,8,9,10,11,11a-octahydrobenzofuro[2,3-h]quinazolin-2-amine (A-987306), a new histamine H4R antagonist that blocks pain responses against carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia.
Ref 529966In vivo and in vitro pharmacological characterization of SVT-40776, a novel M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist, for the treatment of overactive bladder. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Mar;156(5):807-17.
Ref 530098A novel selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 antagonist reduces seizures without impairing hippocampus-dependent learning. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;76(2):356-68.
Ref 530266Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 15;19(16):4560-2. Epub 2009 Jul 8.Discovery of (3-endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-diphenylethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane bromide as an efficacious inhaled muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist for the treatment of COPD.
Ref 530313J Med Chem. 1990 Feb;33(2):809-14.Chloro-substituted, sterically hindered 5,11-dicarbo analogues of clozapine as potential chiral antipsychotic agents.
Ref 531079J Med Chem. 2010 Sep 9;53(17):6386-97.Discovery of N-{1-[3-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2-phenylacetamide (Lu AE51090): an allosteric muscarinic M1 receptor agonist with unprecedented selectivity and procognitive potential.
Ref 532246Pharmacological characterization of GSK573719 (umeclidinium): a novel, long-acting, inhaled antagonist of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors for treatment of pulmonary diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 May;345(2):260-70.
Ref 532729Discovery, synthesis and characterization of a highly muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-selective M5-orthosteric antagonist, VU0488130 (ML381): a novel molecular probe. ChemMedChem. 2014 Aug;9(8):1677-82.
Ref 533165J Med Chem. 1989 Dec;32(12):2573-82.Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of 4-piperazinylpyrazolo[3,4-b]- and -[4,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepines as potential anxiolytics.
Ref 533335Antagonist binding properties of five cloned muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1989 Apr;35(4):469-76.
Ref 533345J Med Chem. 1989 May;32(5):1057-62.Synthesis and biological evaluation of [125I]- and [123I]-4-iododexetimide, a potent muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist.
Ref 533450J Med Chem. 1988 Jul;31(7):1312-6.Heterocyclic muscarinic agonists. Synthesis and biological activity of some bicyclic sulfonium arecoline bioisosteres.
Ref 533454Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):3923-9.
Ref 533577J Med Chem. 1981 Sep;24(9):1021-6.Synthesis of clozapine analogues and their affinity for clozapine and spiroperidol binding sites in rat brain.
Ref 533662Human muscarinic receptors expressed in A9L and CHO cells: activation by full and partial agonists. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Mar;114(6):1241-9.
Ref 534044J Med Chem. 1993 Apr 2;36(7):842-7.Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists.
Ref 534185Stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation and phosphoinositide hydrolysis by M3 muscarinic receptors in the rat peripheral lung. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Aug 23;52(4):643-58.
Ref 534213Binding of the labelled muscarinic toxin 125I-MT1 to rat brain muscarinic M1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Jun 3;305(1-3):187-92.
Ref 534324Characterisation of [3H]-darifenacin as a novel radioligand for the study of muscarinic M3 receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 1997 Jan-May;17(1-3):177-84.
Ref 534426Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jul;52(1):172-9.
Ref 534573Subtype-selective positive cooperative interactions between brucine analogues and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors: radioligand binding studies. Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Mar;53(3):573-89.
Ref 534645J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 4;41(12):2047-55.6beta-Acetoxynortropane: a potent muscarinic agonist with apparent selectivity toward M2-receptors.
Ref 534670Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo profiles of tolterodine with those of subtype-selective muscarinic receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 May 22;349(2-3):285-92.
Ref 534674In vivo muscarinic cholinergic mediated effects of Lu 25-109, a M1 agonist and M2/M3 antagonist in vitro. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Jun;137(3):233-40.
Ref 534723J Med Chem. 1998 Oct 22;41(22):4181-5.Synthesis and modeling studies of a potent conformationally rigid muscarinic agonist: 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanespirofuranone.
Ref 534769Interaction of neuromuscular blocking drugs with recombinant human m1-m5 muscarinic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;125(5):1088-94.
Ref 535150Drug treatment options for irritable bowel syndrome: managing for success. Drugs Aging. 2001;18(3):201-11.
Ref 535327Which muscarinic receptor is important in the bladder? World J Urol. 2001 Nov;19(5):299-306.
Ref 535437The effects of the antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in rat brain on urinary bladder contraction. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2002 Mar;93(3):427-34.
Ref 535660Knockouts model the 100 best-selling drugs--will they model the next 100? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Jan;2(1):38-51.
Ref 535903Signal transduction underlying carbachol-induced contraction of human urinary bladder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1148-53. Epub 2004 Feb 9.
Ref 536223Emerging drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):275-91.
Ref 536555DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. Epub 2007 Nov 29.
Ref 536612Generation of an agonistic binding site for blockers of the M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Biochem J. 2008 May 15;412(1):103-12.
Ref 536701Degradation of submandibular gland AQP5 by parasympathetic denervation of chorda tympani and its recovery by cevimeline, an M3 muscarinic receptor agonist. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):G112-G123. Epub 2008 May 1.
Ref 536941The involvement of histaminic and muscarinic receptors in the bronchoconstriction induced by myorelaxant administration in sensitized rabbits. Anesth Analg. 2008 Dec;107(6):1899-906.
Ref 537284M(1) and M(3) muscarinic receptors are involved in the release of urinary bladder-derived relaxant factor. Pharmacol Res. 2009 May;59(5):300-5. Epub 2009 Feb 5.
Ref 537339Comparison of muscarinic receptor selectivity of solifenacin and oxybutynin in the bladder and submandibular gland of muscarinic receptor knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 1;615(1-3):201-6. Epub 2009 May 13.
Ref 537414An increase in intracelluar free calcium ions modulated by cholinergic receptors in rat facial nucleus. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 May 5;122(9):1049-55.
Ref 538090Neuromuscular relaxants as antagonists for M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors. Anesthesiology. 1998 Mar;88(3):744-50.
Ref 543432(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 15).
Ref 551234A novel and selective class of azabicyclic muscarinic agonists incorporating an N-methoxy imidoyl halide or nitrile functionality, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2(8):791-796 (1992).
Ref 551235Cholinergic agents: aldehyde, ketone, and oxime analogues of the muscarinic agonist UH5, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2(8):803-808 (1992).
Ref 1572591Interpreting expression profiles of cancers by genome-wide survey of breadth of expression in normal tissues. Genomics 2005 Aug;86(2):127-41.

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