Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T01777
(Former ID: TTDR01180)
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Target Name |
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2C (ADRA2C)
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Synonyms |
Subtype C4; Alpha-2CAR; Alpha-2C adrenoreceptor; Alpha-2C adrenoceptor; Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C4; ADRA2RL2; ADRA2L2
Click to Show/Hide
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Gene Name |
ADRA2C
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Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 6 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Glaucoma [ICD-11: 9C61] | |||||
2 | Hypertension [ICD-11: BA00-BA04] | |||||
3 | Hypotension [ICD-11: BA20-BA21] | |||||
4 | Obesity [ICD-11: 5B80-5B81] | |||||
5 | Ocular disease [ICD-11: N.A.] | |||||
6 | Substance abuse [ICD-11: 6C40] | |||||
Function |
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
Click to Show/Hide
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BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MASPALAAALAVAAAAGPNASGAGERGSGGVANASGASWGPPRGQYSAGAVAGLAAVVGF
LIVFTVVGNVLVVIAVLTSRALRAPQNLFLVSLASADILVATLVMPFSLANELMAYWYFG QVWCGVYLALDVLFCTSSIVHLCAISLDRYWSVTQAVEYNLKRTPRRVKATIVAVWLISA VISFPPLVSLYRQPDGAAYPQCGLNDETWYILSSCIGSFFAPCLIMGLVYARIYRVAKLR TRTLSEKRAPVGPDGASPTTENGLGAAAGAGENGHCAPPPADVEPDESSAAAERRRRRGA LRRGGRRRAGAEGGAGGADGQGAGPGAAESGALTASRSPGPGGRLSRASSRSVEFFLSRR RRARSSVCRRKVAQAREKRFTFVLAVVMGVFVLCWFPFFFSYSLYGICREACQVPGPLFK FFFWIGYCNSSLNPVIYTVFNQDFRRSFKHILFRRRRRGFRQ Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Approved Drug(s) | [+] 9 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Amezinium | Drug Info | Approved | Hypotension | [2] | |
2 | Amosulalol | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [1] | |
3 | Brimonidine | Drug Info | Approved | Ocular hypertension | [3], [4] | |
4 | Dihydroergocristine | Drug Info | Approved | Alcohol dependence | [5], [6] | |
5 | MOXONIDINE | Drug Info | Approved | Alcohol dependence | [7] | |
6 | Propylhexedrine | Drug Info | Approved | Obesity | [2] | |
7 | Rilmenidine | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [2] | |
8 | Tetrahydrozoline | Drug Info | Approved | Ocular disease | [8] | |
9 | Xylometazoline | Drug Info | Phase 4 | Allergic rhinitis | [9], [10] | |
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 8 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | IDAZOXAN HYDROCHLORIDE | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Neurological disorder | [11] | |
2 | TNX-102 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Fibromyalgia | [12] | |
3 | AGN-XX/YY | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Fibromyalgia | [13] | |
4 | BAY1193397 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Peripheral arterial disease | [14] | |
5 | Fadolmidine | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Neuropathic pain | [15] | |
6 | MEDETOMIDINE | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Pain | [16] | |
7 | ORM-12741 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Alzheimer disease | [17] | |
8 | V-101 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Erythema | [18] | |
Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 15 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | INDORAMIN | Drug Info | Withdrawn from market | Hypertension | [2], [19] | |
2 | Ecabapide | Drug Info | Discontinued in Preregistration | Peptic ulcer | [20] | |
3 | Delequamine hydrochloride | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Male sexual disorder | [21] | |
4 | FLUPAROXAN | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Depression | [22], [23] | |
5 | NOLOMIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Heart failure | [24] | |
6 | Deriglidole | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Diabetic complication | [25] | |
7 | GYKI-16084 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Prostate disease | [26] | |
8 | JTH-601 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Prostate disease | [27] | |
9 | NMI-870 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Sexual dysfunction | [28] | |
10 | SGB-1534 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Hypotension | [29] | |
11 | GYKI-12743 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Hypertension | [30] | |
12 | A-75169 | Drug Info | Terminated | Glaucoma/ocular hypertension | [32] | |
13 | F-14413 | Drug Info | Terminated | Alzheimer disease | [33] | |
14 | Midaglizole | Drug Info | Terminated | Asthma | [34] | |
15 | SNAP-5089 | Drug Info | Terminated | Heart arrhythmia | [35], [36] | |
Preclinical Drug(s) | [+] 1 Preclinical Drugs | + | ||||
1 | 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride | Drug Info | Preclinical | Coronavirus infection | [31] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 5 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Modulator | [+] 21 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | Amezinium | Drug Info | [2], [37] | |||
2 | Amosulalol | Drug Info | [1], [2] | |||
3 | Brimonidine | Drug Info | [3] | |||
4 | Dihydroergocristine | Drug Info | [2], [6] | |||
5 | Propylhexedrine | Drug Info | [2], [39] | |||
6 | Rilmenidine | Drug Info | [2], [40] | |||
7 | Tetrahydrozoline | Drug Info | [2], [8] | |||
8 | Xylometazoline | Drug Info | [2], [41] | |||
9 | IDAZOXAN HYDROCHLORIDE | Drug Info | [42] | |||
10 | Ecabapide | Drug Info | [50] | |||
11 | Delequamine hydrochloride | Drug Info | [51] | |||
12 | FLUPAROXAN | Drug Info | [52] | |||
13 | NOLOMIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE | Drug Info | [53] | |||
14 | Deriglidole | Drug Info | [54] | |||
15 | NMI-870 | Drug Info | [59] | |||
16 | SGB-1534 | Drug Info | [60] | |||
17 | GYKI-12743 | Drug Info | [61] | |||
18 | A-75169 | Drug Info | [63] | |||
19 | Midaglizole | Drug Info | [67] | |||
20 | ETHOXY-IDAZOXAN | Drug Info | [91] | |||
21 | V-103 | Drug Info | [98] | |||
Inhibitor | [+] 60 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | MOXONIDINE | Drug Info | [38] | |||
2 | MEDETOMIDINE | Drug Info | [46] | |||
3 | INDORAMIN | Drug Info | [49] | |||
4 | MAZAPERTINE | Drug Info | [57] | |||
5 | A-80426 | Drug Info | [64] | |||
6 | SK&F-104078 | Drug Info | [49] | |||
7 | SNAP-5089 | Drug Info | [68] | |||
8 | WB-4101 | Drug Info | [69] | |||
9 | (+/-)-nantenine | Drug Info | [70] | |||
10 | (1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinolin-3-yl)-methanol | Drug Info | [71] | |||
11 | (1H-Benzoimidazol-5-yl)-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-amine | Drug Info | [72] | |||
12 | (1H-Imidazol-2-yl)-quinoxalin-6-yl-amine | Drug Info | [72] | |||
13 | (2,6-Dichloro-phenyl)-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-amine | Drug Info | [72] | |||
14 | (2-Bromo-phenyl)-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-amine | Drug Info | [72] | |||
15 | (2-Methyl-indol-1-yl)-propyl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
16 | (3-Ethyl-indol-1-yl)-propyl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
17 | (3-Methyl-indol-1-yl)-propyl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
18 | (R)-3-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline | Drug Info | [74] | |||
19 | (S)-3-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline | Drug Info | [74] | |||
20 | 1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a-Octahydro-benzo[g]quinoline | Drug Info | [75] | |||
21 | 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-benzo[c]azocine | Drug Info | [74] | |||
22 | 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-benzo[h]isoquinolin-8-ol | Drug Info | [76] | |||
23 | 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinolin-7-ol | Drug Info | [76] | |||
24 | 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole | Drug Info | [77] | |||
25 | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | Drug Info | [78] | |||
26 | 1-((S)-2-aminopropyl)-1H-indazol-6-ol | Drug Info | [79] | |||
27 | 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine | Drug Info | [74] | |||
28 | 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepine | Drug Info | [74] | |||
29 | 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine | Drug Info | [74] | |||
30 | 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole | Drug Info | [74] | |||
31 | 2-BFi | Drug Info | [80] | |||
32 | 3-Fluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline | Drug Info | [81] | |||
33 | 3-Methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline | Drug Info | [71] | |||
34 | 3-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline | Drug Info | [74] | |||
35 | 4-(1-Naphthalen-1-yl-ethyl)-1H-imidazole | Drug Info | [46] | |||
36 | 4-(4-Methyl-indan-1-yl)-1H-imidazole | Drug Info | [82] | |||
37 | 5-Aminomethyl-naphthalen-2-ol | Drug Info | [76] | |||
38 | 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5-thia-8-aza-benzocycloheptene | Drug Info | [74] | |||
39 | 7-Methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-beta-carboline | Drug Info | [85] | |||
40 | 8-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzo[h]isoquinoline | Drug Info | [76] | |||
41 | Butyl-indol-1-yl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
42 | C-(6-Methoxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-methylamine | Drug Info | [76] | |||
43 | C-Naphthalen-1-yl-methylamine | Drug Info | [76] | |||
44 | CONESSINE | Drug Info | [90] | |||
45 | Ethyl-indol-1-yl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
46 | GNF-PF-2857 | Drug Info | [92] | |||
47 | GNF-PF-3878 | Drug Info | [92] | |||
48 | Indol-1-yl-methyl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
49 | Indol-1-yl-prop-2-ynyl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
50 | Indol-1-yl-pyridin-4-yl-amine | Drug Info | [73] | |||
51 | METHYLNORADRENALINE | Drug Info | [69] | |||
52 | MEZILAMINE | Drug Info | [94] | |||
53 | PIPEROXAN | Drug Info | [69] | |||
54 | R-226161 | Drug Info | [96] | |||
55 | S-34324 | Drug Info | [64] | |||
56 | SK&F-64139 | Drug Info | [78] | |||
57 | SNAP-5150 | Drug Info | [68] | |||
58 | TRACIZOLINE | Drug Info | [85] | |||
59 | Tramazoline | Drug Info | [69] | |||
60 | TRYPTOLINE | Drug Info | [85] | |||
Antagonist | [+] 18 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | TNX-102 | Drug Info | [43] | |||
2 | BAY1193397 | Drug Info | [14] | |||
3 | ORM-12741 | Drug Info | [47] | |||
4 | GYKI-16084 | Drug Info | [55] | |||
5 | JTH-601 | Drug Info | [56] | |||
6 | MK-912 | Drug Info | [58] | |||
7 | ARC239 | Drug Info | [65] | |||
8 | F-14413 | Drug Info | [66] | |||
9 | 5-methylurapidil | Drug Info | [83] | |||
10 | all-trans-4-oxo-retinoic acid | Drug Info | [87] | |||
11 | Ciproxifan | Drug Info | [89] | |||
12 | JP1302 | Drug Info | [92], [93] | |||
13 | piribedil | Drug Info | [95] | |||
14 | spiroxatrine | Drug Info | [97] | |||
15 | [125I]BE-2254 | Drug Info | [100] | |||
16 | [3H]MK-912 | Drug Info | [102] | |||
17 | [3H]rauwolscine | Drug Info | [103] | |||
18 | [3H]RX821002 | Drug Info | [104], [105] | |||
Agonist | [+] 12 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | AGN-XX/YY | Drug Info | [44] | |||
2 | Fadolmidine | Drug Info | [45] | |||
3 | V-101 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
4 | 6-fluoro-noradrenaline | Drug Info | [84] | |||
5 | A61603 | Drug Info | [86] | |||
6 | amidephrine | Drug Info | [84] | |||
7 | Chloroethylclonidine | Drug Info | [88] | |||
8 | cirazoline | Drug Info | [84] | |||
9 | indanidine | Drug Info | [84] | |||
10 | SKF 89748 | Drug Info | [84] | |||
11 | xylazine | Drug Info | [99] | |||
12 | [125I]HEAT | Drug Info | [101] | |||
Modulator (allosteric modulator) | [+] 1 Modulator (allosteric modulator) drugs | + | ||||
1 | 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride | Drug Info | [62] |
Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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Cell-based Target Expression Variations |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Pathway Affiliation
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KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | hsa04022 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04080 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy |
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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Co-Targets |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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Target Expression Profile (TEP) |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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KEGG Pathway | [+] 2 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | |||||
2 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
Panther Pathway | [+] 2 Panther Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Alpha adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | |||||
2 | Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gi alpha and Gs alpha mediated pathway | |||||
Reactome | [+] 6 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Adrenoceptors | |||||
2 | Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor | |||||
3 | Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion | |||||
4 | G alpha (i) signalling events | |||||
5 | G alpha (z) signalling events | |||||
6 | Surfactant metabolism | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 6 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Monoamine GPCRs | |||||
2 | GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
3 | Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) | |||||
4 | Integration of energy metabolism | |||||
5 | GPCR ligand binding | |||||
6 | GPCR downstream signaling |
Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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Target Validation |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Effects of amosulalol, a combined alpha 1- and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agent, on ischemic myocardial energy metabolism in dogs. J Pharm Sci. 1993 Mar;82(3):291-5. | |||||
REF 2 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
REF 3 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 520). | |||||
REF 4 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00675207) Comparison of Brimonidine Purite, Dorzolamide, and Brinzolamide as Adjunctive Therapy to Prostaglandin Analogs. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 5 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 278). | |||||
REF 6 | Effect of dihydroergocristine on blood pressure and activity at peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors in pithed rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Jan 13;97(1-2):21-7. | |||||
REF 7 | The role of I(1)-imidazoline and alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the modulation of glucose metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat ... J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Aug;306(2):646-57. | |||||
REF 8 | Prolonged cardiovascular effects after unintentional ingestion of tetrahydrozoline. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008 Feb;46(2):171-2. | |||||
REF 9 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 517). | |||||
REF 10 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00630474) Nasal Decongestion and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 11 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00294944) The Effectiveness of Idazoxan in Treating TRD. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 12 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800017946) | |||||
REF 13 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of ACADIA Pharmaceuticals. | |||||
REF 14 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
REF 15 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
REF 16 | Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride and their reversal with atipamezole hydrochloride in calves. Am J Vet Res. 2008 Mar;69(3):319-29. | |||||
REF 17 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02471196) Efficacy of ORM-12741 on Agitation/Aggression Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease. | |||||
REF 18 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01186068) Dose Response Study of Patients With Erythematous Rosacea. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 19 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 501). | |||||
REF 20 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000582) | |||||
REF 21 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800008832) | |||||
REF 22 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 41). | |||||
REF 23 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000678) | |||||
REF 24 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003364) | |||||
REF 25 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000010) | |||||
REF 26 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800010746) | |||||
REF 27 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800010685) | |||||
REF 28 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800014166) | |||||
REF 29 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000148) | |||||
REF 30 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800002059) | |||||
REF 31 | Coronaviruses - drug discovery and therapeutic options. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):327-47. | |||||
REF 32 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003469) | |||||
REF 33 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800019997) | |||||
REF 34 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000085) | |||||
REF 35 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 498). | |||||
REF 36 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006771) | |||||
REF 37 | Pharmacology of amezinium, a novel antihypotensive drug. III. Studies on the mechanism of action. Arzneimittelforschung. 1981;31(9a):1558-65. | |||||
REF 38 | Synthesis and pharmacologic evaluation of 2-endo-amino-3-exo-isopropylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane: a potent imidazoline1 receptor specific agent. J Med Chem. 1996 Mar 15;39(6):1193-5. | |||||
REF 39 | Airway compromise and delayed death following attempted central vein injection of propylhexedrine. J Emerg Med. 1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):795-7. | |||||
REF 40 | Rilmenidine-induced ocular hypotension: role of imidazoline1 and alpha 2 receptors. Curr Eye Res. 1996 Sep;15(9):943-50. | |||||
REF 41 | Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):729-39. | |||||
REF 42 | Different sites of action for alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists in the modulation of noradrenaline release and contraction response in the vas deferens of the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1992 Mar;44(3):231-4. | |||||
REF 43 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Tonix Pharmaceuticals. | |||||
REF 44 | Patent WO2008058220 A2. | |||||
REF 45 | Antinociceptive properties of fadolmidine (MPV-2426), a novel alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist. CNS Drug Rev. 2004 Summer;10(2):117-26. | |||||
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