Target Information

Target General Infomation
Target ID
T51487
Former ID
TTDS00403
Target Name
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Gene Name
GABRA1
Synonyms
GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1; GABRA1
Target Type
Successful
Disease Anxiety disorder [ICD9: 300, 311; ICD10: F32, F40-F42]
Anesthesia [ICD9: 338; ICD10: R20.0]
Depression [ICD9: 311; ICD10: F30-F39]
Epilepsy; Anxiety disorder [ICD9: 300, 345; ICD10: F40-F42, G40]
Epilepsy [ICD10: G40]
Epileptic seizures [ICD9: 345.9, 780.3; ICD10: G40, P90, R56]
Headache; Anxiety disorder [ICD9:339, 784.0, 300, 311; ICD10: G43-G44, R51, F32, F40-F42]
Insomnia [ICD9: 307.41, 307.42, 327.0, 780.51, 780.52; ICD10: F51.0, G47.0]
Insomnia; Anxiety disorder [ICD9:307.41, 307.42, 327.0, 780.51, 780.52, 300, 311; ICD10: F51.0, G47.0, F32, F40-F42]
Intractable insomnia [ICD10: G47]
Intractable chronic pain; Cystitis [ICD9:338, 780; ICD10: R52, G89, N30]
Insomnia; Epilepsy [ICD9:307.41, 307.42, 327.0, 780.51, 780.52; ICD10: F51.0, G47.0, G40]
Inflammation [ICD10: E08-E13, E10.2, E11, E11.2, E13.2, I73.9, I80-I82, N00-N29, G89]
Muscle spasm [ICD10: M62.838]
Premenstrual syndrome [ICD10: N94.3]
Respiratory distress syndrome [ICD9: 518.5, 518.82; ICD10: J80]
Sleep maintenance insomnia [ICD9: 307.41, 307.42, 327.0, 780.51, 780.52; ICD10: F51.0, G47.0]
Function
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand- gated chloride channel (By similarity).
BioChemical Class
Ligand-gated ion channel
Target Validation
T51487
UniProt ID
P14867
Sequence
MRKSPGLSDCLWAWILLLSTLTGRSYGQPSLQDELKDNTTVFTRILDRLLDGYDNRLRPG
LGERVTEVKTDIFVTSFGPVSDHDMEYTIDVFFRQSWKDERLKFKGPMTVLRLNNLMASK
IWTPDTFFHNGKKSVAHNMTMPNKLLRITEDGTLLYTMRLTVRAECPMHLEDFPMDAHAC
PLKFGSYAYTRAEVVYEWTREPARSVVVAEDGSRLNQYDLLGQTVDSGIVQSSTGEYVVM
TTHFHLKRKIGYFVIQTYLPCIMTVILSQVSFWLNRESVPARTVFGVTTVLTMTTLSISA
RNSLPKVAYATAMDWFIAVCYAFVFSALIEFATVNYFTKRGYAWDGKSVVPEKPKKVKDP
LIKKNNTYAPTATSYTPNLARGDPGLATIAKSATIEPKEVKPETKPPEPKKTFNSVSKID
RLSRIAFPLLFGIFNLVYWATYLNREPQLKAPTPHQ
Drugs and Mode of Action
Drug(s) Amobarbital Drug Info Approved Insomnia; Anxiety disorder [1], [2]
Barbital Drug Info Approved Insomnia [3]
Barbituric acid Drug Info Approved Depression [3]
Butabarbital Drug Info Approved Insomnia [4], [5]
Butalbital Drug Info Approved Headache; Anxiety disorder [6], [7], [2]
Butethal Drug Info Approved Insomnia [8]
Clobazam Drug Info Approved Epilepsy; Anxiety disorder [9], [10]
Ethanol Drug Info Approved Intractable chronic pain; Cystitis [11], [12], [2]
Ethchlorvynol Drug Info Approved Insomnia [13], [14]
Hexobarbital Drug Info Approved Anesthesia [15]
Meprobamate Drug Info Approved Anxiety disorder [16], [17]
Methohexital Drug Info Approved Anesthesia [18], [19]
Methoxyflurane Drug Info Approved Anesthesia [20], [21]
Methylphenobarbital Drug Info Approved Anxiety disorder [22]
Methyprylon Drug Info Approved Insomnia [23], [24]
Nitrazepam Drug Info Approved Insomnia; Epilepsy [25], [2]
Pentobarbital Drug Info Approved Insomnia; Anxiety disorder [26], [27], [2]
Picrotoxin Drug Info Approved Respiratory distress syndrome [28], [29]
Primidone Drug Info Approved Epilepsy [30], [31]
Secobarbital Drug Info Approved Intractable insomnia [2]
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE Drug Info Approved Muscle spasm [2]
Zaleplon Drug Info Approved Insomnia [32], [33]
Zolpidem Drug Info Approved Insomnia [34], [2]
ZK-93423 Drug Info Phase 3 Epileptic seizures [35], [36]
ALLOPREGNANOLONE Drug Info Phase 2 Discovery agent [37], [38]
Zolpidem Drug Info Phase 1 Sleep maintenance insomnia [39]
ELTANOLONE Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 3 Premenstrual syndrome [40]
U-78875 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 1 Anxiety disorder [41]
CGS-9896 Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [42]
Divaplon Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [43]
Inhibitor (2-Amino-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-4-yl)-acetic acid Drug Info [44]
(2E,4S)-4-ammoniopent-2-enoate Drug Info [45]
(4R)-4-ammoniopentanoate Drug Info [45]
(4S)-4-ammoniopentanoate Drug Info [45]
(6-Benzylamino-9H-beta-carbolin-3-yl)-methanol Drug Info [46]
(9-Benzyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-cyclopropyl-amine Drug Info [47]
(9H-beta-Carbolin-3-yl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester Drug Info [48]
(9H-beta-Carbolin-3-yl)-ethyl-amine Drug Info [48]
(9H-beta-Carbolin-3-yl)-methanol Drug Info [46]
(beta-CCE)9H-beta-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid Drug Info [49]
1,1-Dimethyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one Drug Info [50]
1,3-Diphenyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one Drug Info [51]
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-imidazole Drug Info [52]
1-(9H-beta-Carbolin-3-yl)-butan-1-one Drug Info [53]
1-(9H-beta-Carbolin-3-yl)-ethanone Drug Info [46]
1-Methyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one Drug Info [50]
2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N-phenethyl-acetamide Drug Info [49]
2-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-6-nitro-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
2-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
2-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline Drug Info [55]
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4-isoxazolin-3-one Drug Info [52]
2-(9-Benzyl-9H-purin-6-ylamino)-ethanol Drug Info [47]
2-Furan-2-yl-6H-pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-one Drug Info [56]
2-Isoxazol-3-yl-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline Drug Info [55]
2-Isoxazol-5-yl-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline Drug Info [55]
2-Oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-1-one Drug Info [50]
2-p-Tolyl-6H-pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-one Drug Info [56]
2-Phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline Drug Info [55]
2-Phenyl-5,6-dihydro-pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline Drug Info [56]
2-Phenyl-6H-pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-one Drug Info [56]
2-Pyridin-2-yl-6H-pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-one Drug Info [56]
2-Thiophen-2-yl-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline Drug Info [55]
3,3-Diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one Drug Info [50]
3,3-Diisopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one Drug Info [50]
3-(2,2-Dimethyl-propoxy)-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [53]
3-(3-Methyl-butoxy)-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [53]
3-(benzyloxy)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Drug Info [57]
3-(hexa-1,3-dienyloxy)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Drug Info [57]
3-(isopentyloxy)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Drug Info [57]
3-amino-3-demethoxythiocolchicine Drug Info [58]
3-Butoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [53]
3-butoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Drug Info [57]
3-butoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-butoxycarbonyl-6-ethyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-butylaminocarbonyl-6-ethyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-carboxy-6-ethyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-Chloro-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [60]
3-cyclopentoxycarbonyl-6-ethyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-demethoxy-3-D-lyxopyranosylaminothiocolchicine Drug Info [58]
3-demethoxy-3-D-mannopyranosylaminothiocolchicine Drug Info [58]
3-demethoxy-3-D-xylopyranosylaminothiocolchicine Drug Info [58]
3-demethoxy-3-L-fucopyranosylaminothiocolchicine Drug Info [58]
3-demethoxy-3D-glucopyranosylaminothiocolchicine Drug Info [58]
3-Ethoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [60]
3-ethoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Drug Info [57]
3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-ethoxycarbonyl-6-ethyl-2-methyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-ethoxycarbonyl-6-propyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
3-Ethyl-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one Drug Info [50]
3-Ethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one Drug Info [50]
3-Isobutoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [53]
3-isobutoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Drug Info [57]
3-Isopropoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [53]
3-Isopropyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one Drug Info [50]
3-Isothiocyanato-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [61]
3-Methoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [60]
3-Methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-9H-beta-carbolin-2-ium Drug Info [62]
3-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one Drug Info [51]
3-Methyl-2-phenyl-2H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one Drug Info [51]
3-Methyl-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [63]
3-Nitro-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [60]
3-Propoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [60]
3-propoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole Drug Info [57]
3-sec-Butoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [53]
3-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one Drug Info [50]
4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-ol Drug Info [64]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-pyrid-2-yl-pyrazole Drug Info [52]
4-(biphenyl-3-yl)-5-(piperidin-4-yl)isoxazol-3-ol Drug Info [65]
4-benzyl-5-(4-piperidyl)isothiazol-3-ol Drug Info [66]
4-Benzyl-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-3-ol Drug Info [67]
4-Methoxymethyl-3,6-dipropoxy-9H-beta-carboline Drug Info [68]
4-Methyl-5-(4-piperidyl)isothiazol-3-ol Drug Info [66]
4-Naphthalen-1-yl-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-3-ol Drug Info [67]
4-Naphthalen-2-yl-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-3-ol Drug Info [67]
4-Phenyl-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-3-ol Drug Info [67]
5-(4-piperidyl)-4-propylisothiazol-3-ol Drug Info [66]
5-(piperidin-4-yl)isothiazol-3-ol Drug Info [66]
5-(piperidin-4-yl)isoxazol-3-ol Drug Info [67]
5-[(1R)-1-ammonioethyl]isoxazol-3-olate Drug Info [45]
5-[(1S)-1-ammonioethyl]isoxazol-3-olate Drug Info [45]
6,6-Dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-1-one Drug Info [50]
6,9-Dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-1-one Drug Info [50]
6-benzyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-benzyl-3-propoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-benzyl-3-propylaminocarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-Bromo-2-(2-nitro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [69]
6-Bromo-2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
6-Bromo-2-(3-nitro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [69]
6-Bromo-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [69]
6-Bromo-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
6-bromo-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-bromo-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-Chloro-2-(3-nitro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
6-Chloro-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
6-ethyl-3-(2-ethylbutoxycarbonyl)-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-ethyl-3-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-ethyl-3-(3-methylbutoxycarbonyl)-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-ethyl-3-(3-pentoxycarbonyl)-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-ethyl-3-i-propoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-ethyl-3-pentoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-ethyl-3-propoxycarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-ethyl-3-propylaminocarbonyl-4-quinolone Drug Info [59]
6-Fluoro-2-(3-nitro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
6-Methyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-1-one Drug Info [50]
6-Nitro-2-(3-nitro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [70]
6-Nitro-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-chromen-4-one Drug Info [70]
6-Nitro-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one Drug Info [54]
7,12-Dihydro-5,7,12-triaza-indeno[1,2-a]fluorene Drug Info [71]
7,12-Dihydro-7,12-diaza-indeno[1,2-a]fluorene Drug Info [60]
9H-beta-Carbolin-3-ol Drug Info [60]
9H-beta-Carbolin-6-ylamine Drug Info [46]
9H-beta-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid butyl ester Drug Info [72]
9H-beta-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Drug Info [72]
9H-beta-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid propyl ester Drug Info [72]
ALLOPREGNANOLONE Drug Info [73]
AMENTOFLAVONE Drug Info [74]
Barbituric acid derivative Drug Info [75]
Benzyl-(9H-beta-carbolin-6-yl)-amine Drug Info [60]
Beta-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester Drug Info [57]
BETA-CCM Drug Info [76]
CGP-27492 Drug Info [77]
CGS-13767 Drug Info [78]
CGS-8216 Drug Info [78]
CGS-9895 Drug Info [79]
CGS-9896 Drug Info [52]
CI-218872 Drug Info [63]
Divaplon Drug Info [80]
ELTANOLONE Drug Info [73]
Ethyl 6-iodo-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate Drug Info [57]
Ethyl 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate Drug Info [57]
GABAZINE Drug Info [66]
GAMMA-AMINO-BUTANOIC ACID Drug Info [58]
GNF-PF-3645 Drug Info [59]
GNF-PF-4421 Drug Info [59]
Isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester Drug Info [60]
L-655708 Drug Info [81]
N-(9H-beta-Carbolin-3-yl)-acetamide Drug Info [48]
N-(9H-beta-Carbolin-3-yl)-formamide Drug Info [48]
N-(p-methylbenzyl)-5-nitroindol-3-ylglyoxylamide Drug Info [82]
N-Benzyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-acetamide Drug Info [82]
N-benzyl-2-(5-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide Drug Info [82]
N-butyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide Drug Info [82]
N-butyl-2-(5-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide Drug Info [82]
N-Indan-1-yl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-acetamide Drug Info [83]
NORHARMANE Drug Info [60]
NSC-19028 Drug Info [54]
NSC-73613 Drug Info [54]
NSC-93394 Drug Info [54]
Pyrrolidin-3-yl-acetic acid Drug Info [84]
Ridine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Drug Info [85]
RIPAZEPAM Drug Info [86]
RO-054520 Drug Info [87]
RO-145974 Drug Info [88]
RO-145975 Drug Info [88]
RO-147437 Drug Info [88]
Ro-151310 Drug Info [88]
Ro-154513 Drug Info [88]
RO-194603 Drug Info [88]
Ro-4938581 Drug Info [89]
RWJ-16979 Drug Info [90]
RY-066 Drug Info [91]
Sec-butyl 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate Drug Info [57]
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE Drug Info [58]
U-78875 Drug Info [92]
U-89267 Drug Info [93]
ZK-93423 Drug Info [94]
Antagonist Amobarbital Drug Info [3], [95]
Barbital Drug Info [3], [95]
Barbituric acid Drug Info [3], [95]
Butabarbital Drug Info [96], [3], [95]
Butalbital Drug Info [3]
Butethal Drug Info [3]
Clobazam Drug Info [3]
Ethanol Drug Info [3]
Ethchlorvynol Drug Info [3]
Hexobarbital Drug Info [3], [95]
Meprobamate Drug Info [3]
Methohexital Drug Info [3]
Methoxyflurane Drug Info [3]
Methylphenobarbital Drug Info [3], [95]
Methyprylon Drug Info [3]
Nitrazepam Drug Info [3]
Pentobarbital Drug Info [3], [95]
Picrotoxin Drug Info [3]
Primidone Drug Info [3]
Secobarbital Drug Info [3], [95]
Modulator Zaleplon Drug Info [97]
Zolpidem Drug Info
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM)
TEP EXP Info
Pathways
KEGG Pathway Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling
GABAergic synapse
Morphine addiction
Nicotine addiction
Reactome Ligand-gated ion channel transport
GABA A receptor activation
WikiPathways SIDS Susceptibility Pathways
Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell
Iron uptake and transport
References
REF 1Drug information of Amobarbital, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 2Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
REF 3DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. Epub 2007 Nov 29.
REF 4FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 085550.
REF 5(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7137).
REF 6FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 076528.
REF 7(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7138).
REF 8Drug information of Soneryl, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 9(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7149).
REF 10Drug information of Clobazam, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 11Preclinical evaluation of riluzole: assessments of ethanol self-administration and ethanol withdrawal symptoms. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Aug;33(8):1460-8.
REF 12(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2299).
REF 13FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 084463.
REF 14(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7180).
REF 15Drug information of Hexobarbital, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 16FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040797.
REF 17(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7225).
REF 18FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 011559.
REF 19(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7233).
REF 20(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7234).
REF 21Drug information of Methoxyflurane, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 22Drug information of Methylphenobarbital, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 23Nonlinear elimination of methyprylon (noludar) in an overdosed patient: correlation of clinical effects with plasma concentration. J Pharm Sci. 1991 Aug;80(8):768-71.
REF 24(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7238).
REF 25Drug information of Nitrazepam, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 26FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 083270.
REF 27(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5480).
REF 28(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4051).
REF 29Drug information of Fish berry, 2008. eduDrugs.
REF 30FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040586.
REF 31(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5338).
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REF 33FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 077237.
REF 34(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4348).
REF 35(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4346).
REF 36Abecarnil enhances GABA-induced currents in acutely isolated cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neuropharmacology. 1995 Feb;34(2):157-63.
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REF 38ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01673828) Allopregnanolone for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
REF 39Improved insomnia symptoms and sleep-related next-day functioning in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and insomnia following concomitant zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg and escitalopram treatment: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jul;72(7):914-28.
REF 40Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800005875)
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